source:
  type: regulation
  id: esign-15usc-7001
  authority: '15 U.S.C. §7001 — Electronic Signatures in Global and National Commerce Act: general rule
    of validity'
  description: 'E-Sign Act §101 (Pub. L. 106-229). General rule that electronic

    records and signatures may not be denied legal effect solely

    because of electronic form; consumer-disclosure regime governing

    when an electronic record satisfies a writing-required-by-law

    obligation (affirmative consent, hardware/software statement,

    demonstrated-access electronic-consent confirmation, material-

    change reaffirmation); and retention rules for electronic records

    (accurate reflection + accessibility + reproducibility) that

    satisfy retention-required-by-law obligations. Load-bearing

    consumer-disclosure duties for [LENDER]''s use of e-disclosures

    under TILA / RESPA / ECOA / FCRA. Bootstrap target for Round C

    promotion; obligations populated from candidate file.

    '
obligations:
- id: esign-15usc-7001-a
  canonical_id: esign-15usc-7001-a
  section: 15 U.S.C. §7001(a)
  description: '(a): (a) In general Notwithstanding any statute, regulation, or other rule of law (other
    than this subchapter and subchapter II), with respect to any transaction in or affecting interstate
    or foreign commerce— (1) a signature, contract, or other record relating to such transaction may not
    be denied legal…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §7001(c)(1)(A)
    source_class: esign-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/7001
    snapshot_id: 25a30c221517cb17
    fetched_at: '2026-05-24T16:52:26Z'
    content_hash: sha256:4a70c24f0e9adaafe94d26e457cc2dd0f46a125e19d464ca4d0afa4530ba4794
    paragraph_quote: (a) In general Notwithstanding any statute, regulation, or other rule of law (other
      than this subchapter and subchapter II), with respect to any transaction in or affecting interstate
      or foreign commerce— (1) a signature, contract, or other record relating to such transaction may
      not be denied legal effect, validity, or enforceability solely because it is in electronic form;
      and (2) a contract relating to such transaction may not be denied legal effect, validity, or enforceability
      solely because an electronic signature or electronic record was used in its formation.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §7001 from Cornell LII snapshot 25a30c221517cb17;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: esign-15usc-7001-b
  canonical_id: esign-15usc-7001-b
  section: 15 U.S.C. §7001(b)
  description: '(b): (b) Preservation of rights and obligations This subchapter does not— (1) limit, alter,
    or otherwise affect any requirement imposed by a statute, regulation, or rule of law relating to the
    rights and obligations of persons under such statute, regulation, or rule of law other than a requirement
    that c…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §7001(c)(1)(A)
    source_class: esign-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/7001
    snapshot_id: 25a30c221517cb17
    fetched_at: '2026-05-24T16:52:26Z'
    content_hash: sha256:4a70c24f0e9adaafe94d26e457cc2dd0f46a125e19d464ca4d0afa4530ba4794
    paragraph_quote: (b) Preservation of rights and obligations This subchapter does not— (1) limit, alter,
      or otherwise affect any requirement imposed by a statute, regulation, or rule of law relating to
      the rights and obligations of persons under such statute, regulation, or rule of law other than
      a requirement that contracts or other records be written, signed, or in nonelectronic form; or (2)
      require any person to agree to use or accept electronic records or electronic signatures , other
      than a governmental agency with respect to a record other than a contract to which it is a party.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §7001 from Cornell LII snapshot 25a30c221517cb17;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: esign-15usc-7001-c
  canonical_id: esign-15usc-7001-c
  section: 15 U.S.C. §7001(c)
  description: '(c): (c) Consumer disclosures (1) Consent to electronic records Notwithstanding subsection
    (a), if a statute, regulation, or other rule of law requires that information relating to a transaction
    or transactions in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce be provided or made available to a
    consumer in …'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §7001(c)(1)(A)
    source_class: esign-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/7001
    snapshot_id: 25a30c221517cb17
    fetched_at: '2026-05-24T16:52:26Z'
    content_hash: sha256:4a70c24f0e9adaafe94d26e457cc2dd0f46a125e19d464ca4d0afa4530ba4794
    paragraph_quote: (c) Consumer disclosures (1) Consent to electronic records Notwithstanding subsection
      (a), if a statute, regulation, or other rule of law requires that information relating to a transaction
      or transactions in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce be provided or made available to
      a consumer in writing, the use of an electronic record to provide or make available (whichever is
      required) such information satisfies the requirement that such information be in writing if— (A)
      the consumer has affirmatively consented to such use and has not withdrawn such consent; (B) the
      consumer , prior to consenting, is provided with a clear and conspicuous statement—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §7001 from Cornell LII snapshot 25a30c221517cb17;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: esign-15usc-7001-i
  canonical_id: esign-15usc-7001-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §7001(i)
  description: '(i): (i) informing the consumer of (I) any right or option of the consumer to have the
    record provided or made available on paper or in nonelectronic form, and (II) the right of the consumer
    to withdraw the consent to have the record provided or made available in an electronic form and of
    any conditions,…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §7001(c)(1)(A)
    source_class: esign-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/7001
    snapshot_id: 25a30c221517cb17
    fetched_at: '2026-05-24T16:52:26Z'
    content_hash: sha256:4a70c24f0e9adaafe94d26e457cc2dd0f46a125e19d464ca4d0afa4530ba4794
    paragraph_quote: (i) informing the consumer of (I) any right or option of the consumer to have the
      record provided or made available on paper or in nonelectronic form, and (II) the right of the consumer
      to withdraw the consent to have the record provided or made available in an electronic form and
      of any conditions, consequences (which may include termination of the parties’ relationship), or
      fees in the event of such withdrawal; (ii) informing the consumer of whether the consent applies
      (I) only to the particular transaction which gave rise to the obligation to provide the record,
      or (II) to identified categories of records that may be provided or made available during the course
      of the parties’ relationship; (iii) describing the procedures the consumer must use to withdraw
      consent as provided in clause (i) and to update information needed to contact the consumer electronically;
      and (iv) informing the consumer (I) how, after the consent, the consumer may, upon request, obtain
      a paper copy of an electronic record , and (II) whether any fee will be charged for such copy; (C)
      the consumer —
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §7001 from Cornell LII snapshot 25a30c221517cb17;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: esign-15usc-7001-i
  canonical_id: esign-15usc-7001-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §7001(i)
  description: '(i): (i) prior to consenting, is provided with a statement of the hardware and software
    requirements for access to and retention of the electronic records ; and (ii) consents electronically,
    or confirms his or her consent electronically, in a manner that reasonably demonstrates that the consumer
    can acce…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §7001(c)(1)(A)
    source_class: esign-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/7001
    snapshot_id: 25a30c221517cb17
    fetched_at: '2026-05-24T16:52:26Z'
    content_hash: sha256:4a70c24f0e9adaafe94d26e457cc2dd0f46a125e19d464ca4d0afa4530ba4794
    paragraph_quote: (i) prior to consenting, is provided with a statement of the hardware and software
      requirements for access to and retention of the electronic records ; and (ii) consents electronically,
      or confirms his or her consent electronically, in a manner that reasonably demonstrates that the
      consumer can access information in the electronic form that will be used to provide the information
      that is the subject of the consent; and (D) after the consent of a consumer in accordance with subparagraph
      (A), if a change in the hardware or software requirements needed to access or retain electronic
      records creates a material risk that the consumer will not be able to access or retain a subsequent
      electronic record that was the subject of the consent, the person providing the electronic record
      —
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §7001 from Cornell LII snapshot 25a30c221517cb17;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: esign-15usc-7001-i
  canonical_id: esign-15usc-7001-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §7001(i)
  description: '(i): (i) provides the consumer with a statement of (I) the revised hardware and software
    requirements for access to and retention of the electronic records , and (II) the right to withdraw
    consent without the imposition of any fees for such withdrawal and without the imposition of any condition
    or conseq…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §7001(c)(1)(A)
    source_class: esign-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/7001
    snapshot_id: 25a30c221517cb17
    fetched_at: '2026-05-24T16:52:26Z'
    content_hash: sha256:4a70c24f0e9adaafe94d26e457cc2dd0f46a125e19d464ca4d0afa4530ba4794
    paragraph_quote: (i) provides the consumer with a statement of (I) the revised hardware and software
      requirements for access to and retention of the electronic records , and (II) the right to withdraw
      consent without the imposition of any fees for such withdrawal and without the imposition of any
      condition or consequence that was not disclosed under subparagraph (B)(i); and (ii) again complies
      with subparagraph (C). (2) Other rights (A) Preservation of consumer protections Nothing in this
      subchapter affects the content or timing of any disclosure or other record required to be provided
      or made available to any consumer under any statute, regulation, or other rule of law. (B) Verification
      or acknowledgment If a law that was enacted prior to this chapter expressly requires a record to
      be provided or made available by a specified method that requires verification or acknowledgment
      of receipt, the record may be provided or made available electronically only if the method used
      provides verification or acknowledgment of receipt (whichever is required). (3) Effect of failure
      to obtain electronic consent or confirmation of consent The legal effectiveness, validity, or enforceability
      of any contract executed by a consumer shall not be denied solely because of the failure to obtain
      electronic consent or confirmation of consent by that consumer in accordance with paragraph (1)(C)(ii).
      (4) Prospective effect Withdrawal of consent by a consumer shall not affect the legal effectiveness,
      validity, or enforceability of electronic records provided or made available to that consumer in
      accordance with paragraph (1) prior to implementation of the consumer’ s withdrawal of consent.
      A consumer’ s withdrawal of consent shall be effective within a reasonable period of time after
      receipt of the withdrawal by the provider of the record. Failure to comply with paragraph (1)(D)
      may, at the election of the consumer, be treated as a withdrawal of consent for purposes of this
      paragraph. (5) Prior consent This subsection does not apply to any records that are provided or
      made available to a consumer who has consented prior to the effective date of this subchapter to
      receive such records in electronic form as permitted by any statute, regulation, or other rule of
      law. (6) Oral communications An oral communication or a recording of an oral communication shall
      not qualify as an electronic record for purposes of this subsection except as otherwise provided
      under applicable law.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §7001 from Cornell LII snapshot 25a30c221517cb17;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: esign-15usc-7001-d
  canonical_id: esign-15usc-7001-d
  section: 15 U.S.C. §7001(d)
  description: '(d): (d) Retention of contracts and records (1) Accuracy and accessibility If a statute,
    regulation, or other rule of law requires that a contract or other record relating to a transaction
    in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce be retained, that requirement is met by retaining an
    electronic recor…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §7001(c)(1)(A)
    source_class: esign-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/7001
    snapshot_id: 25a30c221517cb17
    fetched_at: '2026-05-24T16:52:26Z'
    content_hash: sha256:4a70c24f0e9adaafe94d26e457cc2dd0f46a125e19d464ca4d0afa4530ba4794
    paragraph_quote: (d) Retention of contracts and records (1) Accuracy and accessibility If a statute,
      regulation, or other rule of law requires that a contract or other record relating to a transaction
      in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce be retained, that requirement is met by retaining
      an electronic record of the information in the contract or other record that— (A) accurately reflects
      the information set forth in the contract or other record; and (B) remains accessible to all persons
      who are entitled to access by statute, regulation, or rule of law, for the period required by such
      statute, regulation, or rule of law, in a form that is capable of being accurately reproduced for
      later reference, whether by transmission, printing, or otherwise. (2) Exception A requirement to
      retain a contract or other record in accordance with paragraph (1) does not apply to any information
      whose sole purpose is to enable the contract or other record to be sent, communicated, or received.
      (3) Originals If a statute, regulation, or other rule of law requires a contract or other record
      relating to a transaction in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce to be provided, available,
      or retained in its original form, or provides consequences if the contract or other record is not
      provided, available, or retained in its original form, that statute, regulation, or rule of law
      is satisfied by an electronic record that complies with paragraph (1). (4) Checks If a statute,
      regulation, or other rule of law requires the retention of a check, that requirement is satisfied
      by retention of an electronic record of the information on the front and back of the check in accordance
      with paragraph (1).
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §7001 from Cornell LII snapshot 25a30c221517cb17;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: esign-15usc-7001-e
  canonical_id: esign-15usc-7001-e
  section: 15 U.S.C. §7001(e)
  description: '(e): (e) Accuracy and ability to retain contracts and other records Notwithstanding subsection
    (a), if a statute, regulation, or other rule of law requires that a contract or other record relating
    to a transaction in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce be in writing, the legal effect, validity,
    o…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §7001(c)(1)(A)
    source_class: esign-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/7001
    snapshot_id: 25a30c221517cb17
    fetched_at: '2026-05-24T16:52:26Z'
    content_hash: sha256:4a70c24f0e9adaafe94d26e457cc2dd0f46a125e19d464ca4d0afa4530ba4794
    paragraph_quote: (e) Accuracy and ability to retain contracts and other records Notwithstanding subsection
      (a), if a statute, regulation, or other rule of law requires that a contract or other record relating
      to a transaction in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce be in writing, the legal effect,
      validity, or enforceability of an electronic record of such contract or other record may be denied
      if such electronic record is not in a form that is capable of being retained and accurately reproduced
      for later reference by all parties or persons who are entitled to retain the contract or other record.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §7001 from Cornell LII snapshot 25a30c221517cb17;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: esign-15usc-7001-f
  canonical_id: esign-15usc-7001-f
  section: 15 U.S.C. §7001(f)
  description: '(f): (f) Proximity Nothing in this subchapter affects the proximity required by any statute,
    regulation, or other rule of law with respect to any warning, notice, disclosure, or other record
    required to be posted, displayed, or publicly affixed.'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §7001(c)(1)(A)
    source_class: esign-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/7001
    snapshot_id: 25a30c221517cb17
    fetched_at: '2026-05-24T16:52:26Z'
    content_hash: sha256:4a70c24f0e9adaafe94d26e457cc2dd0f46a125e19d464ca4d0afa4530ba4794
    paragraph_quote: (f) Proximity Nothing in this subchapter affects the proximity required by any statute,
      regulation, or other rule of law with respect to any warning, notice, disclosure, or other record
      required to be posted, displayed, or publicly affixed.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §7001 from Cornell LII snapshot 25a30c221517cb17;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: esign-15usc-7001-g
  canonical_id: esign-15usc-7001-g
  section: 15 U.S.C. §7001(g)
  description: '(g): (g) Notarization and acknowledgment If a statute, regulation, or other rule of law
    requires a signature or record relating to a transaction in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce
    to be notarized, acknowledged, verified, or made under oath, that requirement is satisfied if the
    electronic sign…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §7001(c)(1)(A)
    source_class: esign-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/7001
    snapshot_id: 25a30c221517cb17
    fetched_at: '2026-05-24T16:52:26Z'
    content_hash: sha256:4a70c24f0e9adaafe94d26e457cc2dd0f46a125e19d464ca4d0afa4530ba4794
    paragraph_quote: (g) Notarization and acknowledgment If a statute, regulation, or other rule of law
      requires a signature or record relating to a transaction in or affecting interstate or foreign commerce
      to be notarized, acknowledged, verified, or made under oath, that requirement is satisfied if the
      electronic signature of the person authorized to perform those acts, together with all other information
      required to be included by other applicable statute, regulation, or rule of law, is attached to
      or logically associated with the signature or record.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §7001 from Cornell LII snapshot 25a30c221517cb17;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: esign-15usc-7001-h
  canonical_id: esign-15usc-7001-h
  section: 15 U.S.C. §7001(h)
  description: '(h): (h) Electronic agents A contract or other record relating to a transaction in or
    affecting interstate or foreign commerce may not be denied legal effect, validity, or enforceability
    solely because its formation, creation, or delivery involved the action of one or more electronic
    agents so long as th…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §7001(c)(1)(A)
    source_class: esign-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/7001
    snapshot_id: 25a30c221517cb17
    fetched_at: '2026-05-24T16:52:26Z'
    content_hash: sha256:4a70c24f0e9adaafe94d26e457cc2dd0f46a125e19d464ca4d0afa4530ba4794
    paragraph_quote: (h) Electronic agents A contract or other record relating to a transaction in or
      affecting interstate or foreign commerce may not be denied legal effect, validity, or enforceability
      solely because its formation, creation, or delivery involved the action of one or more electronic
      agents so long as the action of any such electronic agent is legally attributable to the person
      to be bound.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §7001 from Cornell LII snapshot 25a30c221517cb17;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: esign-15usc-7001-i
  canonical_id: esign-15usc-7001-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §7001(i)
  description: '(i): (i) Insurance It is the specific intent of the Congress that this subchapter and
    subchapter II apply to the business of insurance.'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §7001(c)(1)(A)
    source_class: esign-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/7001
    snapshot_id: 25a30c221517cb17
    fetched_at: '2026-05-24T16:52:26Z'
    content_hash: sha256:4a70c24f0e9adaafe94d26e457cc2dd0f46a125e19d464ca4d0afa4530ba4794
    paragraph_quote: (i) Insurance It is the specific intent of the Congress that this subchapter and
      subchapter II apply to the business of insurance.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §7001 from Cornell LII snapshot 25a30c221517cb17;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: esign-15usc-7001-j
  canonical_id: esign-15usc-7001-j
  section: 15 U.S.C. §7001(j)
  description: '(j): (j) Insurance agents and brokers An insurance agent or broker acting under the direction
    of a party that enters into a contract by means of an electronic record or electronic signature may
    not be held liable for any deficiency in the electronic procedures agreed to by the parties under
    that contract…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §7001(c)(1)(A)
    source_class: esign-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/7001
    snapshot_id: 25a30c221517cb17
    fetched_at: '2026-05-24T16:52:26Z'
    content_hash: sha256:4a70c24f0e9adaafe94d26e457cc2dd0f46a125e19d464ca4d0afa4530ba4794
    paragraph_quote: (j) Insurance agents and brokers An insurance agent or broker acting under the direction
      of a party that enters into a contract by means of an electronic record or electronic signature
      may not be held liable for any deficiency in the electronic procedures agreed to by the parties
      under that contract if— (1) the agent or broker has not engaged in negligent, reckless, or intentional
      tortious conduct; (2) the agent or broker was not involved in the development or establishment of
      such electronic procedures; and (3) the agent or broker did not deviate from such procedures. (
      Pub. L. 106–229, title I, § 101 , June 30, 2000 , 114 Stat. 464 .)
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §7001 from Cornell LII snapshot 25a30c221517cb17;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
