source:
  type: regulation
  id: occ-12cfr-34.45
  authority: 12 CFR Part 34 — Real Estate Lending, Appraisals & AVMs (OCC) § 34.45 — Appraiser independence
  description: '12 CFR Part 34 — Real Estate Lending, Appraisals & AVMs (OCC), §34.45 Appraiser independence. Captured
    section-complete (all subsections verbatim).

    '
obligations:
- id: occ-12cfr-34.45-a
  canonical_id: occ-12cfr-34.45-a
  section: 12 CFR §34.45(a)
  description: 'Appraiser independence — (a): (a) Staff appraisers. If an appraisal is prepared by a staff appraiser,
    that appraiser must be independent of the lending, investment, and collection functions and not involved, except
    as an appraiser, in the federally related transaction, and have no direct or indirect interest, financial or
    otherw…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 12 CFR Part 34 — Real Estate Lending, Appraisals & AVMs (OCC) § 34.45
    source_class: ecfr-xml
    source_url: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-12/chapter-I/part-34
    snapshot_id: b9176c4f9bb030c2
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:c27331ba5c7759b1bc066ef9a0c6d88aac17a04f5ea45ac55bff64410cc28fef
    paragraph_quote: (a) Staff appraisers. If an appraisal is prepared by a staff appraiser, that appraiser must
      be independent of the lending, investment, and collection functions and not involved, except as an appraiser,
      in the federally related transaction, and have no direct or indirect interest, financial or otherwise, in
      the property. If the only qualified persons available to perform an appraisal are involved in the lending,
      investment, or collection functions of the regulated institution, the regulated institution shall take appropriate
      steps to ensure that the appraisers exercise independent judgment. Such steps include, but are not limited
      to, prohibiting an individual from performing an appraisal in connection with federally related transactions
      in which the appraiser is otherwise involved and prohibiting directors and officers from participating in
      any vote or approval involving assets on which they performed an appraisal.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim (whitespace-normalized) slice of §34.45 subsection (a) from snapshot b9176c4f9bb030c2;
      substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: occ-12cfr-34.45-b
  canonical_id: occ-12cfr-34.45-b
  section: 12 CFR §34.45(b)
  description: 'Appraiser independence — (b): (b) Fee appraisers. (1) If an appraisal is prepared by a fee appraiser,
    the appraiser shall be engaged directly by the regulated institution or its agent, and have no direct or indirect
    interest, financial or otherwise, in the property or the transaction. (2) A regulated institution also may accept
    …'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 12 CFR Part 34 — Real Estate Lending, Appraisals & AVMs (OCC) § 34.45
    source_class: ecfr-xml
    source_url: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-12/chapter-I/part-34
    snapshot_id: b9176c4f9bb030c2
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:c27331ba5c7759b1bc066ef9a0c6d88aac17a04f5ea45ac55bff64410cc28fef
    paragraph_quote: '(b) Fee appraisers. (1) If an appraisal is prepared by a fee appraiser, the appraiser shall
      be engaged directly by the regulated institution or its agent, and have no direct or indirect interest, financial
      or otherwise, in the property or the transaction. (2) A regulated institution also may accept an appraisal
      that was prepared by an appraiser engaged directly by another financial services institution, if:'
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim (whitespace-normalized) slice of §34.45 subsection (b) from snapshot b9176c4f9bb030c2;
      substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: occ-12cfr-34.45-i
  canonical_id: occ-12cfr-34.45-i
  section: 12 CFR §34.45(i)
  description: 'Appraiser independence — (i): (i) The appraiser has no direct or indirect interest, financial or
    otherwise, in the property or the transaction; and (ii) The regulated institution determines that the appraisal
    conforms to the requirements of this subpart and is otherwise acceptable. [55 FR 34696, Aug. 24, 1990, as amended
    at 59 F…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 12 CFR Part 34 — Real Estate Lending, Appraisals & AVMs (OCC) § 34.45
    source_class: ecfr-xml
    source_url: https://www.ecfr.gov/current/title-12/chapter-I/part-34
    snapshot_id: b9176c4f9bb030c2
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:c27331ba5c7759b1bc066ef9a0c6d88aac17a04f5ea45ac55bff64410cc28fef
    paragraph_quote: (i) The appraiser has no direct or indirect interest, financial or otherwise, in the property
      or the transaction; and (ii) The regulated institution determines that the appraisal conforms to the requirements
      of this subpart and is otherwise acceptable. [55 FR 34696, Aug. 24, 1990, as amended at 59 FR 29500, June
      7, 1994]
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim (whitespace-normalized) slice of §34.45 subsection (i) from snapshot b9176c4f9bb030c2;
      substring-verified.
  judgment: false
