source:
  type: regulation
  id: bankruptcy-11usc-524
  authority: 11 U.S.C. §524 — Effect of discharge
  description: '11 U.S.C. §524 governs the legal effect of a bankruptcy discharge: the

    discharge injunction, reaffirmation procedures, and codebtor liability.

    '
obligations:
- id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-a
  canonical_id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-a
  section: 11 U.S.C. §524(a)
  description: '(a): (a) A discharge in a case under this title— (1) voids any judgment at any time obtained,
    to the extent that such judgment is a determination of the personal liability of the debtor with respect
    to any debt discharged under section 727 , 944 , 1141 , 1192 , 1228 , or 1328 of this title, whether
    or no…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 11 U.S.C. §524(a)(2)
    source_class: bankruptcy-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/524
    snapshot_id: 15344ea1b340f1b6
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:52:48Z'
    content_hash: sha256:888d69b388131efc725aa6f226329c1bf028cf34c1deed34bc7fc98ab9bbc72e
    paragraph_quote: (a) A discharge in a case under this title— (1) voids any judgment at any time obtained,
      to the extent that such judgment is a determination of the personal liability of the debtor with
      respect to any debt discharged under section 727 , 944 , 1141 , 1192 , 1228 , or 1328 of this title,
      whether or not discharge of such debt is waived; (2) operates as an injunction against the commencement
      or continuation of an action, the employment of process, or an act, to collect, recover or offset
      any such debt as a personal liability of the debtor, whether or not discharge of such debt is waived;
      and (3) operates as an injunction against the commencement or continuation of an action, the employment
      of process, or an act, to collect or recover from, or offset against, property of the debtor of
      the kind specified in section 541(a)(2) of this title that is acquired after the commencement of
      the case, on account of any allowable community claim, except a community claim that is excepted
      from discharge under section 523, 1192, 1228(a)(1), or 1328(a)(1), or that would be so excepted,
      determined in accordance with the provisions of sections 523(c) and 523(d) of this title, in a case
      concerning the debtor’s spouse commenced on the date of the filing of the petition in the case concerning
      the debtor, whether or not discharge of the debt based on such community claim is waived.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 11 U.S.C. §524 from Cornell LII snapshot 15344ea1b340f1b6;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-b
  canonical_id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-b
  section: 11 U.S.C. §524(b)
  description: '(b): (b) Subsection (a)(3) of this section does not apply if— (1) (A) the debtor’s spouse
    is a debtor in a case under this title, or a bankrupt or a debtor in a case under the Bankruptcy Act
    , commenced within six years of the date of the filing of the petition in the case concerning the
    debtor; and (B) …'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 11 U.S.C. §524(a)(2)
    source_class: bankruptcy-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/524
    snapshot_id: 15344ea1b340f1b6
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:52:48Z'
    content_hash: sha256:888d69b388131efc725aa6f226329c1bf028cf34c1deed34bc7fc98ab9bbc72e
    paragraph_quote: (b) Subsection (a)(3) of this section does not apply if— (1) (A) the debtor’s spouse
      is a debtor in a case under this title, or a bankrupt or a debtor in a case under the Bankruptcy
      Act , commenced within six years of the date of the filing of the petition in the case concerning
      the debtor; and (B) the court does not grant the debtor’s spouse a discharge in such case concerning
      the debtor’s spouse; or (2) (A) the court would not grant the debtor’s spouse a discharge in a case
      under chapter 7 of this title concerning such spouse commenced on the date of the filing of the
      petition in the case concerning the debtor; and (B) a determination that the court would not so
      grant such discharge is made by the bankruptcy court within the time and in the manner provided
      for a determination under section 727 of this title of whether a debtor is granted a discharge.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 11 U.S.C. §524 from Cornell LII snapshot 15344ea1b340f1b6;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-c
  canonical_id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-c
  section: 11 U.S.C. §524(c)
  description: '(c): (c) An agreement between a holder of a claim and the debtor, the consideration for
    which, in whole or in part, is based on a debt that is dischargeable in a case under this title is
    enforceable only to any extent enforceable under applicable nonbankruptcy law, whether or not discharge
    of such debt i…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 11 U.S.C. §524(a)(2)
    source_class: bankruptcy-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/524
    snapshot_id: 15344ea1b340f1b6
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:52:48Z'
    content_hash: sha256:888d69b388131efc725aa6f226329c1bf028cf34c1deed34bc7fc98ab9bbc72e
    paragraph_quote: (c) An agreement between a holder of a claim and the debtor, the consideration for
      which, in whole or in part, is based on a debt that is dischargeable in a case under this title
      is enforceable only to any extent enforceable under applicable nonbankruptcy law, whether or not
      discharge of such debt is waived, only if— (1) such agreement was made before the granting of the
      discharge under section 727 , 1141 , 1192 , 1228 , or 1328 of this title; (2) the debtor received
      the disclosures described in subsection (k) at or before the time at which the debtor signed the
      agreement; (3) such agreement has been filed with the court and, if applicable, accompanied by a
      declaration or an affidavit of the attorney that represented the debtor during the course of negotiating
      an agreement under this subsection, which states that— (A) such agreement represents a fully informed
      and voluntary agreement by the debtor; (B) such agreement does not impose an undue hardship on the
      debtor or a dependent of the debtor; and (C) the attorney fully advised the debtor of the legal
      effect and consequences of—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 11 U.S.C. §524 from Cornell LII snapshot 15344ea1b340f1b6;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-i
  canonical_id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-i
  section: 11 U.S.C. §524(i)
  description: '(i): (i) an agreement of the kind specified in this subsection; and (ii) any default under
    such an agreement; (4) the debtor has not rescinded such agreement at any time prior to discharge
    or within sixty days after such agreement is filed with the court, whichever occurs later, by giving
    notice of resci…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 11 U.S.C. §524(a)(2)
    source_class: bankruptcy-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/524
    snapshot_id: 15344ea1b340f1b6
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:52:48Z'
    content_hash: sha256:888d69b388131efc725aa6f226329c1bf028cf34c1deed34bc7fc98ab9bbc72e
    paragraph_quote: (i) an agreement of the kind specified in this subsection; and (ii) any default under
      such an agreement; (4) the debtor has not rescinded such agreement at any time prior to discharge
      or within sixty days after such agreement is filed with the court, whichever occurs later, by giving
      notice of rescission to the holder of such claim; (5) the provisions of subsection (d) of this section
      have been complied with; and (6) (A) in a case concerning an individual who was not represented
      by an attorney during the course of negotiating an agreement under this subsection, the court approves
      such agreement as—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 11 U.S.C. §524 from Cornell LII snapshot 15344ea1b340f1b6;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-i
  canonical_id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-i
  section: 11 U.S.C. §524(i)
  description: '(i): (i) not imposing an undue hardship on the debtor or a dependent of the debtor; and
    (ii) in the best interest of the debtor. (B) Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to the extent that such
    debt is a consumer debt secured by real property.'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 11 U.S.C. §524(a)(2)
    source_class: bankruptcy-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/524
    snapshot_id: 15344ea1b340f1b6
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:52:48Z'
    content_hash: sha256:888d69b388131efc725aa6f226329c1bf028cf34c1deed34bc7fc98ab9bbc72e
    paragraph_quote: (i) not imposing an undue hardship on the debtor or a dependent of the debtor; and
      (ii) in the best interest of the debtor. (B) Subparagraph (A) shall not apply to the extent that
      such debt is a consumer debt secured by real property.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 11 U.S.C. §524 from Cornell LII snapshot 15344ea1b340f1b6;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-d
  canonical_id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-d
  section: 11 U.S.C. §524(d)
  description: '(d): (d) In a case concerning an individual, when the court has determined whether to
    grant or not to grant a discharge under section 727 , 1141 , 1192 , 1228 , or 1328 of this title,
    the court may hold a hearing at which the debtor shall appear in person. At any such hearing, the
    court shall inform the …'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 11 U.S.C. §524(a)(2)
    source_class: bankruptcy-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/524
    snapshot_id: 15344ea1b340f1b6
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:52:48Z'
    content_hash: sha256:888d69b388131efc725aa6f226329c1bf028cf34c1deed34bc7fc98ab9bbc72e
    paragraph_quote: (d) In a case concerning an individual, when the court has determined whether to
      grant or not to grant a discharge under section 727 , 1141 , 1192 , 1228 , or 1328 of this title,
      the court may hold a hearing at which the debtor shall appear in person. At any such hearing, the
      court shall inform the debtor that a discharge has been granted or the reason why a discharge has
      not been granted. If a discharge has been granted and if the debtor desires to make an agreement
      of the kind specified in subsection (c) of this section and was not represented by an attorney during
      the course of negotiating such agreement, then the court shall hold a hearing at which the debtor
      shall appear in person and at such hearing the court shall— (1) inform the debtor— (A) that such
      an agreement is not required under this title, under nonbankruptcy law, or under any agreement not
      made in accordance with the provisions of subsection (c) of this section; and (B) of the legal effect
      and consequences of—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 11 U.S.C. §524 from Cornell LII snapshot 15344ea1b340f1b6;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-i
  canonical_id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-i
  section: 11 U.S.C. §524(i)
  description: '(i): (i) an agreement of the kind specified in subsection (c) of this section; and (ii)
    a default under such an agreement; and (2) determine whether the agreement that the debtor desires
    to make complies with the requirements of subsection (c)(6) of this section, if the consideration
    for such agreement i…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 11 U.S.C. §524(a)(2)
    source_class: bankruptcy-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/524
    snapshot_id: 15344ea1b340f1b6
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:52:48Z'
    content_hash: sha256:888d69b388131efc725aa6f226329c1bf028cf34c1deed34bc7fc98ab9bbc72e
    paragraph_quote: (i) an agreement of the kind specified in subsection (c) of this section; and (ii)
      a default under such an agreement; and (2) determine whether the agreement that the debtor desires
      to make complies with the requirements of subsection (c)(6) of this section, if the consideration
      for such agreement is based in whole or in part on a consumer debt that is not secured by real property
      of the debtor.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 11 U.S.C. §524 from Cornell LII snapshot 15344ea1b340f1b6;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-e
  canonical_id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-e
  section: 11 U.S.C. §524(e)
  description: '(e): (e) Except as provided in subsection (a)(3) of this section, discharge of a debt
    of the debtor does not affect the liability of any other entity on, or the property of any other entity
    for, such debt.'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 11 U.S.C. §524(a)(2)
    source_class: bankruptcy-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/524
    snapshot_id: 15344ea1b340f1b6
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:52:48Z'
    content_hash: sha256:888d69b388131efc725aa6f226329c1bf028cf34c1deed34bc7fc98ab9bbc72e
    paragraph_quote: (e) Except as provided in subsection (a)(3) of this section, discharge of a debt
      of the debtor does not affect the liability of any other entity on, or the property of any other
      entity for, such debt.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 11 U.S.C. §524 from Cornell LII snapshot 15344ea1b340f1b6;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-f
  canonical_id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-f
  section: 11 U.S.C. §524(f)
  description: '(f): (f) Nothing contained in subsection (c) or (d) of this section prevents a debtor
    from voluntarily repaying any debt.'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 11 U.S.C. §524(a)(2)
    source_class: bankruptcy-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/524
    snapshot_id: 15344ea1b340f1b6
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:52:48Z'
    content_hash: sha256:888d69b388131efc725aa6f226329c1bf028cf34c1deed34bc7fc98ab9bbc72e
    paragraph_quote: (f) Nothing contained in subsection (c) or (d) of this section prevents a debtor
      from voluntarily repaying any debt.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 11 U.S.C. §524 from Cornell LII snapshot 15344ea1b340f1b6;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-g
  canonical_id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-g
  section: 11 U.S.C. §524(g)
  description: '(g): (g) (1) (A) After notice and hearing, a court that enters an order confirming a plan
    of reorganization under chapter 11 may issue, in connection with such order, an injunction in accordance
    with this subsection to supplement the injunctive effect of a discharge under this section. (B) An
    injunction …'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 11 U.S.C. §524(a)(2)
    source_class: bankruptcy-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/524
    snapshot_id: 15344ea1b340f1b6
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:52:48Z'
    content_hash: sha256:888d69b388131efc725aa6f226329c1bf028cf34c1deed34bc7fc98ab9bbc72e
    paragraph_quote: (g) (1) (A) After notice and hearing, a court that enters an order confirming a plan
      of reorganization under chapter 11 may issue, in connection with such order, an injunction in accordance
      with this subsection to supplement the injunctive effect of a discharge under this section. (B)
      An injunction may be issued under subparagraph (A) to enjoin entities from taking legal action for
      the purpose of directly or indirectly collecting, recovering, or receiving payment or recovery with
      respect to any claim or demand that, under a plan of reorganization, is to be paid in whole or in
      part by a trust described in paragraph (2)(B)(i), except such legal actions as are expressly allowed
      by the injunction, the confirmation order, or the plan of reorganization. (2) (A) Subject to subsection
      (h), if the requirements of subparagraph (B) are met at the time an injunction described in paragraph
      (1) is entered, then after entry of such injunction, any proceeding that involves the validity,
      application, construction, or modification of such injunction, or of this subsection with respect
      to such injunction, may be commenced only in the district court in which such injunction was entered,
      and such court shall have exclusive jurisdiction over any such proceeding without regard to the
      amount in controversy. (B) The requirements of this subparagraph are that—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 11 U.S.C. §524 from Cornell LII snapshot 15344ea1b340f1b6;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-i
  canonical_id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-i
  section: 11 U.S.C. §524(i)
  description: '(i): (i) the injunction is to be implemented in connection with a trust that, pursuant
    to the plan of reorganization— (I) is to assume the liabilities of a debtor which at the time of entry
    of the order for relief has been named as a defendant in personal injury, wrongful death, or property-damage
    action…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 11 U.S.C. §524(a)(2)
    source_class: bankruptcy-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/524
    snapshot_id: 15344ea1b340f1b6
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:52:48Z'
    content_hash: sha256:888d69b388131efc725aa6f226329c1bf028cf34c1deed34bc7fc98ab9bbc72e
    paragraph_quote: (i) the injunction is to be implemented in connection with a trust that, pursuant
      to the plan of reorganization— (I) is to assume the liabilities of a debtor which at the time of
      entry of the order for relief has been named as a defendant in personal injury, wrongful death,
      or property-damage actions seeking recovery for damages allegedly caused by the presence of, or
      exposure to, asbestos or asbestos-containing products; (II) is to be funded in whole or in part
      by the securities of 1 or more debtors involved in such plan and by the obligation of such debtor
      or debtors to make future payments, including dividends; (III) is to own, or by the exercise of
      rights granted under such plan would be entitled to own if specified contingencies occur, a majority
      of the voting shares of— (aa) each such debtor; (bb) the parent corporation of each such debtor;
      or (cc) a subsidiary of each such debtor that is also a debtor; and (IV) is to use its assets or
      income to pay claims and demands ; and (ii) subject to subsection (h), the court determines that—
      (I) the debtor is likely to be subject to substantial future demands for payment arising out of
      the same or similar conduct or events that gave rise to the claims that are addressed by the injunction;
      (II) the actual amounts, numbers, and timing of such future demands cannot be determined; (III)
      pursuit of such demands outside the procedures prescribed by such plan is likely to threaten the
      plan’s purpose to deal equitably with claims and future demands ; (IV) as part of the process of
      seeking confirmation of such plan— (aa) the terms of the injunction proposed to be issued under
      paragraph (1)(A), including any provisions barring actions against third parties pursuant to paragraph
      (4)(A), are set out in such plan and in any disclosure statement supporting the plan; and (bb) a
      separate class or classes of the claimants whose claims are to be addressed by a trust described
      in clause (i) is established and votes, by at least 75 percent of those voting, in favor of the
      plan; and (V) subject to subsection (h), pursuant to court orders or otherwise, the trust will operate
      through mechanisms such as structured, periodic, or supplemental payments, pro rata distributions,
      matrices, or periodic review of estimates of the numbers and values of present claims and future
      demands , or other comparable mechanisms, that provide reasonable assurance that the trust will
      value, and be in a financial position to pay, present claims and future demands that involve similar
      claims in substantially the same manner. (3) (A) If the requirements of paragraph (2)(B) are met
      and the order confirming the plan of reorganization was issued or affirmed by the district court
      that has jurisdiction over the reorganization case, then after the time for appeal of the order
      that issues or affirms the plan—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 11 U.S.C. §524 from Cornell LII snapshot 15344ea1b340f1b6;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-i
  canonical_id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-i
  section: 11 U.S.C. §524(i)
  description: '(i): (i) the injunction shall be valid and enforceable and may not be revoked or modified
    by any court except through appeal in accordance with paragraph (6); (ii) no entity that pursuant
    to such plan or thereafter becomes a direct or indirect transferee of, or successor to any assets
    of, a debtor or tru…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 11 U.S.C. §524(a)(2)
    source_class: bankruptcy-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/524
    snapshot_id: 15344ea1b340f1b6
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:52:48Z'
    content_hash: sha256:888d69b388131efc725aa6f226329c1bf028cf34c1deed34bc7fc98ab9bbc72e
    paragraph_quote: (i) the injunction shall be valid and enforceable and may not be revoked or modified
      by any court except through appeal in accordance with paragraph (6); (ii) no entity that pursuant
      to such plan or thereafter becomes a direct or indirect transferee of, or successor to any assets
      of, a debtor or trust that is the subject of the injunction shall be liable with respect to any
      claim or demand made against such entity by reason of its becoming such a transferee or successor;
      and (iii) no entity that pursuant to such plan or thereafter makes a loan to such a debtor or trust
      or to such a successor or transferee shall, by reason of making the loan, be liable with respect
      to any claim or demand made against such entity, nor shall any pledge of assets made in connection
      with such a loan be upset or impaired for that reason; (B) Subparagraph (A) shall not be construed
      to—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 11 U.S.C. §524 from Cornell LII snapshot 15344ea1b340f1b6;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-i
  canonical_id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-i
  section: 11 U.S.C. §524(i)
  description: '(i): (i) imply that an entity described in subparagraph (A)(ii) or (iii) would, if this
    paragraph were not applicable, necessarily be liable to any entity by reason of any of the acts described
    in subparagraph (A); (ii) relieve any such entity of the duty to comply with, or of liability under,
    any Federa…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 11 U.S.C. §524(a)(2)
    source_class: bankruptcy-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/524
    snapshot_id: 15344ea1b340f1b6
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:52:48Z'
    content_hash: sha256:888d69b388131efc725aa6f226329c1bf028cf34c1deed34bc7fc98ab9bbc72e
    paragraph_quote: (i) imply that an entity described in subparagraph (A)(ii) or (iii) would, if this
      paragraph were not applicable, necessarily be liable to any entity by reason of any of the acts
      described in subparagraph (A); (ii) relieve any such entity of the duty to comply with, or of liability
      under, any Federal or State law regarding the making of a fraudulent conveyance in a transaction
      described in subparagraph (A)(ii) or (iii); or (iii) relieve a debtor of the debtor’s obligation
      to comply with the terms of the plan of reorganization, or affect the power of the court to exercise
      its authority under sections 1141 and 1142 to compel the debtor to do so. (4) (A)
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 11 U.S.C. §524 from Cornell LII snapshot 15344ea1b340f1b6;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-i
  canonical_id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-i
  section: 11 U.S.C. §524(i)
  description: '(i): (i) Subject to subparagraph (B), an injunction described in paragraph (1) shall be
    valid and enforceable against all entities that it addresses. (ii) Notwithstanding the provisions
    of section 524(e), such an injunction may bar any action directed against a third party who is identifiable
    from the te…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 11 U.S.C. §524(a)(2)
    source_class: bankruptcy-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/524
    snapshot_id: 15344ea1b340f1b6
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:52:48Z'
    content_hash: sha256:888d69b388131efc725aa6f226329c1bf028cf34c1deed34bc7fc98ab9bbc72e
    paragraph_quote: (i) Subject to subparagraph (B), an injunction described in paragraph (1) shall be
      valid and enforceable against all entities that it addresses. (ii) Notwithstanding the provisions
      of section 524(e), such an injunction may bar any action directed against a third party who is identifiable
      from the terms of such injunction (by name or as part of an identifiable group) and is alleged to
      be directly or indirectly liable for the conduct of, claims against, or demands on the debtor to
      the extent such alleged liability of such third party arises by reason of— (I) the third party’s
      ownership of a financial interest in the debtor, a past or present affiliate of the debtor, or a
      predecessor in interest of the debtor; (II) the third party’s involvement in the management of the
      debtor or a predecessor in interest of the debtor, or service as an officer, director or employee
      of the debtor or a related party ; (III) the third party’s provision of insurance to the debtor
      or a related party ; or (IV) the third party’s involvement in a transaction changing the corporate
      structure, or in a loan or other financial transaction affecting the financial condition, of the
      debtor or a related party , including but not limited to— (aa) involvement in providing financing
      (debt or equity), or advice to an entity involved in such a transaction; or (bb) acquiring or selling
      a financial interest in an entity as part of such a transaction. (iii) As used in this subparagraph,
      the term “ related party ” means— (I) a past or present affiliate of the debtor; (II) a predecessor
      in interest of the debtor; or (III) any entity that owned a financial interest in— (aa) the debtor;
      (bb) a past or present affiliate of the debtor; or (cc) a predecessor in interest of the debtor.
      (B) Subject to subsection (h), if, under a plan of reorganization, a kind of demand described in
      such plan is to be paid in whole or in part by a trust described in paragraph (2)(B)(i) in connection
      with which an injunction described in paragraph (1) is to be implemented, then such injunction shall
      be valid and enforceable with respect to a demand of such kind made, after such plan is confirmed,
      against the debtor or debtors involved, or against a third party described in subparagraph (A)(ii),
      if—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 11 U.S.C. §524 from Cornell LII snapshot 15344ea1b340f1b6;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-i
  canonical_id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-i
  section: 11 U.S.C. §524(i)
  description: '(i): (i) as part of the proceedings leading to issuance of such injunction, the court
    appoints a legal representative for the purpose of protecting the rights of persons that might subsequently
    assert demands of such kind, and (ii) the court determines, before entering the order confirming such
    plan, tha…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 11 U.S.C. §524(a)(2)
    source_class: bankruptcy-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/524
    snapshot_id: 15344ea1b340f1b6
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:52:48Z'
    content_hash: sha256:888d69b388131efc725aa6f226329c1bf028cf34c1deed34bc7fc98ab9bbc72e
    paragraph_quote: (i) as part of the proceedings leading to issuance of such injunction, the court
      appoints a legal representative for the purpose of protecting the rights of persons that might subsequently
      assert demands of such kind, and (ii) the court determines, before entering the order confirming
      such plan, that identifying such debtor or debtors, or such third party (by name or as part of an
      identifiable group), in such injunction with respect to such demands for purposes of this subparagraph
      is fair and equitable with respect to the persons that might subsequently assert such demands ,
      in light of the benefits provided, or to be provided, to such trust on behalf of such debtor or
      debtors or such third party. (5) In this subsection, the term “ demand ” means a demand for payment,
      present or future, that— (A) was not a claim during the proceedings leading to the confirmation
      of a plan of reorganization; (B) arises out of the same or similar conduct or events that gave rise
      to the claims addressed by the injunction issued under paragraph (1); and (C) pursuant to the plan,
      is to be paid by a trust described in paragraph (2)(B)(i). (6) Paragraph (3)(A)(i) does not bar
      an action taken by or at the direction of an appellate court on appeal of an injunction issued under
      paragraph (1) or of the order of confirmation that relates to the injunction. (7) This subsection
      does not affect the operation of section 1144 or the power of the district court to refer a proceeding
      under section 157 of title 28 or any reference of a proceeding made prior to the date of the enactment
      of this subsection.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 11 U.S.C. §524 from Cornell LII snapshot 15344ea1b340f1b6;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-h
  canonical_id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-h
  section: 11 U.S.C. §524(h)
  description: '(h): (h) Application to Existing Injunctions.— For purposes of subsection (g)— (1) subject
    to paragraph (2), if an injunction of the kind described in subsection (g)(1)(B) was issued before
    the date of the enactment of this Act, as part of a plan of reorganization confirmed by an order entered
    before suc…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 11 U.S.C. §524(a)(2)
    source_class: bankruptcy-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/524
    snapshot_id: 15344ea1b340f1b6
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:52:48Z'
    content_hash: sha256:888d69b388131efc725aa6f226329c1bf028cf34c1deed34bc7fc98ab9bbc72e
    paragraph_quote: (h) Application to Existing Injunctions.— For purposes of subsection (g)— (1) subject
      to paragraph (2), if an injunction of the kind described in subsection (g)(1)(B) was issued before
      the date of the enactment of this Act, as part of a plan of reorganization confirmed by an order
      entered before such date, then the injunction shall be considered to meet the requirements of subsection
      (g)(2)(B) for purposes of subsection (g)(2)(A), and to satisfy subsection (g)(4)(A)(ii), if— (A)
      the court determined at the time the plan was confirmed that the plan was fair and equitable in
      accordance with the requirements of section 1129(b); (B) as part of the proceedings leading to issuance
      of such injunction and confirmation of such plan, the court had appointed a legal representative
      for the purpose of protecting the rights of persons that might subsequently assert demands described
      in subsection (g)(4)(B) with respect to such plan; and (C) such legal representative did not object
      to confirmation of such plan or issuance of such injunction; and (2) for purposes of paragraph (1),
      if a trust described in subsection (g)(2)(B)(i) is subject to a court order on the date of the enactment
      of this Act staying such trust from settling or paying further claims— (A) the requirements of subsection
      (g)(2)(B)(ii)(V) shall not apply with respect to such trust until such stay is lifted or dissolved;
      and (B) if such trust meets such requirements on the date such stay is lifted or dissolved, such
      trust shall be considered to have met such requirements continuously from the date of the enactment
      of this Act.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 11 U.S.C. §524 from Cornell LII snapshot 15344ea1b340f1b6;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-i
  canonical_id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-i
  section: 11 U.S.C. §524(i)
  description: '(i): (i) The willful failure of a creditor to credit payments received under a plan confirmed
    under this title, unless the order confirming the plan is revoked, the plan is in default, or the
    creditor has not received payments required to be made under the plan in the manner required by the
    plan (includi…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 11 U.S.C. §524(a)(2)
    source_class: bankruptcy-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/524
    snapshot_id: 15344ea1b340f1b6
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:52:48Z'
    content_hash: sha256:888d69b388131efc725aa6f226329c1bf028cf34c1deed34bc7fc98ab9bbc72e
    paragraph_quote: (i) The willful failure of a creditor to credit payments received under a plan confirmed
      under this title, unless the order confirming the plan is revoked, the plan is in default, or the
      creditor has not received payments required to be made under the plan in the manner required by
      the plan (including crediting the amounts required under the plan), shall constitute a violation
      of an injunction under subsection (a)(2) if the act of the creditor to collect and failure to credit
      payments in the manner required by the plan caused material injury to the debtor.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 11 U.S.C. §524 from Cornell LII snapshot 15344ea1b340f1b6;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-j
  canonical_id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-j
  section: 11 U.S.C. §524(j)
  description: '(j): (j) Subsection (a)(2) does not operate as an injunction against an act by a creditor
    that is the holder of a secured claim, if— (1) such creditor retains a security interest in real property
    that is the principal residence of the debtor; (2) such act is in the ordinary course of business
    between the…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 11 U.S.C. §524(a)(2)
    source_class: bankruptcy-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/524
    snapshot_id: 15344ea1b340f1b6
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:52:48Z'
    content_hash: sha256:888d69b388131efc725aa6f226329c1bf028cf34c1deed34bc7fc98ab9bbc72e
    paragraph_quote: (j) Subsection (a)(2) does not operate as an injunction against an act by a creditor
      that is the holder of a secured claim, if— (1) such creditor retains a security interest in real
      property that is the principal residence of the debtor; (2) such act is in the ordinary course of
      business between the creditor and the debtor; and (3) such act is limited to seeking or obtaining
      periodic payments associated with a valid security interest in lieu of pursuit of in rem relief
      to enforce the lien.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 11 U.S.C. §524 from Cornell LII snapshot 15344ea1b340f1b6;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-k
  canonical_id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-k
  section: 11 U.S.C. §524(k)
  description: '(k): (k) (1) The disclosures required under subsection (c)(2) shall consist of the disclosure
    statement described in paragraph (3), completed as required in that paragraph, together with the agreement
    specified in subsection (c), statement, declaration, motion and order described, respectively, in
    paragr…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 11 U.S.C. §524(a)(2)
    source_class: bankruptcy-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/524
    snapshot_id: 15344ea1b340f1b6
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:52:48Z'
    content_hash: sha256:888d69b388131efc725aa6f226329c1bf028cf34c1deed34bc7fc98ab9bbc72e
    paragraph_quote: '(k) (1) The disclosures required under subsection (c)(2) shall consist of the disclosure
      statement described in paragraph (3), completed as required in that paragraph, together with the
      agreement specified in subsection (c), statement, declaration, motion and order described, respectively,
      in paragraphs (4) through (8), and shall be the only disclosures required in connection with entering
      into such agreement. (2) Disclosures made under paragraph (1) shall be made clearly and conspicuously
      and in writing. The terms “Amount Reaffirmed” and “ Annual Percentage Rate ” shall be disclosed
      more conspicuously than other terms, data or information provided in connection with this disclosure,
      except that the phrases “Before agreeing to reaffirm a debt, review these important disclosures”
      and “Summary of Reaffirmation Agreement” may be equally conspicuous. Disclosures may be made in
      a different order and may use terminology different from that set forth in paragraphs (2) through
      (8), except that the terms “Amount Reaffirmed” and “ Annual Percentage Rate ” must be used where
      indicated. (3) The disclosure statement required under this paragraph shall consist of the following:
      (A) The statement: “Part A: Before agreeing to reaffirm a debt, review these important disclosures:”;
      (B) Under the heading “Summary of Reaffirmation Agreement”, the statement: “This Summary is made
      pursuant to the requirements of the Bankruptcy Code”; (C) The “Amount Reaffirmed”, using that term,
      which shall be—'
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 11 U.S.C. §524 from Cornell LII snapshot 15344ea1b340f1b6;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-i
  canonical_id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-i
  section: 11 U.S.C. §524(i)
  description: '(i): (i) the total amount of debt that the debtor agrees to reaffirm by entering into
    an agreement of the kind specified in subsection (c), and (ii) the total of any fees and costs accrued
    as of the date of the disclosure statement, related to such total amount. (D) In conjunction with
    the disclosure of …'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 11 U.S.C. §524(a)(2)
    source_class: bankruptcy-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/524
    snapshot_id: 15344ea1b340f1b6
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:52:48Z'
    content_hash: sha256:888d69b388131efc725aa6f226329c1bf028cf34c1deed34bc7fc98ab9bbc72e
    paragraph_quote: (i) the total amount of debt that the debtor agrees to reaffirm by entering into
      an agreement of the kind specified in subsection (c), and (ii) the total of any fees and costs accrued
      as of the date of the disclosure statement, related to such total amount. (D) In conjunction with
      the disclosure of the “Amount Reaffirmed”, the statements—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 11 U.S.C. §524 from Cornell LII snapshot 15344ea1b340f1b6;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-i
  canonical_id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-i
  section: 11 U.S.C. §524(i)
  description: '(i): (i) “The amount of debt you have agreed to reaffirm”; and (ii) “Your credit agreement
    may obligate you to pay additional amounts which may come due after the date of this disclosure. Consult
    your credit agreement.”. (E) The “ Annual Percentage Rate ”, using that term, which shall be disclosed
    as—'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 11 U.S.C. §524(a)(2)
    source_class: bankruptcy-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/524
    snapshot_id: 15344ea1b340f1b6
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:52:48Z'
    content_hash: sha256:888d69b388131efc725aa6f226329c1bf028cf34c1deed34bc7fc98ab9bbc72e
    paragraph_quote: (i) “The amount of debt you have agreed to reaffirm”; and (ii) “Your credit agreement
      may obligate you to pay additional amounts which may come due after the date of this disclosure.
      Consult your credit agreement.”. (E) The “ Annual Percentage Rate ”, using that term, which shall
      be disclosed as—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 11 U.S.C. §524 from Cornell LII snapshot 15344ea1b340f1b6;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-i
  canonical_id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-i
  section: 11 U.S.C. §524(i)
  description: '(i): (i) if, at the time the petition is filed, the debt is an extension of credit under
    an open end credit plan , as the terms “credit” and “ open end credit plan ” are defined in section
    103 of the Truth in Lending Act , then— (I) the annual percentage rate determined under paragraphs
    (5) and (6) of se…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 11 U.S.C. §524(a)(2)
    source_class: bankruptcy-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/524
    snapshot_id: 15344ea1b340f1b6
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:52:48Z'
    content_hash: sha256:888d69b388131efc725aa6f226329c1bf028cf34c1deed34bc7fc98ab9bbc72e
    paragraph_quote: (i) if, at the time the petition is filed, the debt is an extension of credit under
      an open end credit plan , as the terms “credit” and “ open end credit plan ” are defined in section
      103 of the Truth in Lending Act , then— (I) the annual percentage rate determined under paragraphs
      (5) and (6) of section 127(b) of the Truth in Lending Act , as applicable, as disclosed to the debtor
      in the most recent periodic statement prior to entering into an agreement of the kind specified
      in subsection (c) or, if no such periodic statement has been given to the debtor during the prior
      6 months, the annual percentage rate as it would have been so disclosed at the time the disclosure
      statement is given to the debtor, or to the extent this annual percentage rate is not readily available
      or not applicable, then (II) the simple interest rate applicable to the amount reaffirmed as of
      the date the disclosure statement is given to the debtor, or if different simple interest rates
      apply to different balances, the simple interest rate applicable to each such balance, identifying
      the amount of each such balance included in the amount reaffirmed, or (III) if the entity making
      the disclosure elects, to disclose the annual percentage rate under subclause (I) and the simple
      interest rate under subclause (II); or (ii) if, at the time the petition is filed, the debt is an
      extension of credit other than under an open end credit plan , as the terms “credit” and “ open
      end credit plan ” are defined in section 103 of the Truth in Lending Act , then— (I) the annual
      percentage rate under section 128(a)(4) of the Truth in Lending Act , as disclosed to the debtor
      in the most recent disclosure statement given to the debtor prior to the entering into an agreement
      of the kind specified in subsection (c) with respect to the debt, or, if no such disclosure statement
      was given to the debtor, the annual percentage rate as it would have been so disclosed at the time
      the disclosure statement is given to the debtor, or to the extent this annual percentage rate is
      not readily available or not applicable, then (II) the simple interest rate applicable to the amount
      reaffirmed as of the date the disclosure statement is given to the debtor, or if different simple
      interest rates apply to different balances, the simple interest rate applicable to each such balance,
      identifying the amount of such balance included in the amount reaffirmed, or (III) if the entity
      making the disclosure elects, to disclose the annual percentage rate under (I) and the simple interest
      rate under (II). (F) If the underlying debt transaction was disclosed as a variable rate transaction
      on the most recent disclosure given under the Truth in Lending Act , by stating “The interest rate
      on your loan may be a variable interest rate which changes from time to time, so that the annual
      percentage rate disclosed here may be higher or lower.”. (G) If the debt is secured by a security
      interest which has not been waived in whole or in part or determined to be void by a final order
      of the court at the time of the disclosure, by disclosing that a security interest or lien in goods
      or property is asserted over some or all of the debts the debtor is reaffirming and listing the
      items and their original purchase price that are subject to the asserted security interest, or if
      not a purchase-money security interest then listing by items or types and the original amount of
      the loan. (H) At the election of the creditor, a statement of the repayment schedule using 1 or
      a combination of the following—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 11 U.S.C. §524 from Cornell LII snapshot 15344ea1b340f1b6;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-i
  canonical_id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-i
  section: 11 U.S.C. §524(i)
  description: '(i): (i) by making the statement: “Your first payment in the amount of $___ is due on
    ___ but the future payment amount may be different. Consult your reaffirmation agreement or credit
    agreement, as applicable.”, and stating the amount of the first payment and the due date of that payment
    in the places p…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 11 U.S.C. §524(a)(2)
    source_class: bankruptcy-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/524
    snapshot_id: 15344ea1b340f1b6
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:52:48Z'
    content_hash: sha256:888d69b388131efc725aa6f226329c1bf028cf34c1deed34bc7fc98ab9bbc72e
    paragraph_quote: '(i) by making the statement: “Your first payment in the amount of $___ is due on
      ___ but the future payment amount may be different. Consult your reaffirmation agreement or credit
      agreement, as applicable.”, and stating the amount of the first payment and the due date of that
      payment in the places provided; (ii) by making the statement: “Your payment schedule will be:”,
      and describing the repayment schedule with the number, amount, and due dates or period of payments
      scheduled to repay the debts reaffirmed to the extent then known by the disclosing party; or (iii)
      by describing the debtor’s repayment obligations with reasonable specificity to the extent then
      known by the disclosing party. (I) The following statement: “Note: When this disclosure refers to
      what a creditor ‘may’ do, it does not use the word ‘may’ to give the creditor specific permission.
      The word ‘may’ is used to tell you what might occur if the law permits the creditor to take the
      action. If you have questions about your reaffirming a debt or what the law requires, consult with
      the attorney who helped you negotiate this agreement reaffirming a debt. If you don’t have an attorney
      helping you, the judge will explain the effect of your reaffirming a debt when the hearing on the
      reaffirmation agreement is held.”. (J)'
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 11 U.S.C. §524 from Cornell LII snapshot 15344ea1b340f1b6;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-i
  canonical_id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-i
  section: 11 U.S.C. §524(i)
  description: '(i): (i) The following additional statements: “Reaffirming a debt is a serious financial
    decision. The law requires you to take certain steps to make sure the decision is in your best interest.
    If these steps are not completed, the reaffirmation agreement is not effective, even though you have
    signed it.…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 11 U.S.C. §524(a)(2)
    source_class: bankruptcy-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/524
    snapshot_id: 15344ea1b340f1b6
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:52:48Z'
    content_hash: sha256:888d69b388131efc725aa6f226329c1bf028cf34c1deed34bc7fc98ab9bbc72e
    paragraph_quote: '(i) The following additional statements: “Reaffirming a debt is a serious financial
      decision. The law requires you to take certain steps to make sure the decision is in your best interest.
      If these steps are not completed, the reaffirmation agreement is not effective, even though you
      have signed it. “1. Read the disclosures in this Part A carefully. Consider the decision to reaffirm
      carefully. Then, if you want to reaffirm, sign the reaffirmation agreement in Part B (or you may
      use a separate agreement you and your creditor agree on). “2. Complete and sign Part D and be sure
      you can afford to make the payments you are agreeing to make and have received a copy of the disclosure
      statement and a completed and signed reaffirmation agreement. “3. If you were represented by an
      attorney during the negotiation of your reaffirmation agreement, the attorney must have signed the
      certification in Part C. “4. If you were not represented by an attorney during the negotiation of
      your reaffirmation agreement, you must have completed and signed Part E. “5. The original of this
      disclosure must be filed with the court by you or your creditor. If a separate reaffirmation agreement
      (other than the one in Part B) has been signed, it must be attached. “6. If you were represented
      by an attorney during the negotiation of your reaffirmation agreement, your reaffirmation agreement
      becomes effective upon filing with the court unless the reaffirmation is presumed to be an undue
      hardship as explained in Part D. “7. If you were not represented by an attorney during the negotiation
      of your reaffirmation agreement, it will not be effective unless the court approves it. The court
      will notify you of the hearing on your reaffirmation agreement. You must attend this hearing in
      bankruptcy court where the judge will review your reaffirmation agreement. The bankruptcy court
      must approve your reaffirmation agreement as consistent with your best interests, except that no
      court approval is required if your reaffirmation agreement is for a consumer debt secured by a mortgage,
      deed of trust, security deed, or other lien on your real property, like your home. “Your right to
      rescind (cancel) your reaffirmation agreement. You may rescind (cancel) your reaffirmation agreement
      at any time before the bankruptcy court enters a discharge order, or before the expiration of the
      60-day period that begins on the date your reaffirmation agreement is filed with the court, whichever
      occurs later. To rescind (cancel) your reaffirmation agreement, you must notify the creditor that
      your reaffirmation agreement is rescinded (or canceled). “What are your obligations if you reaffirm
      the debt? A reaffirmed debt remains your personal legal obligation. It is not discharged in your
      bankruptcy case. That means that if you default on your reaffirmed debt after your bankruptcy case
      is over, your creditor may be able to take your property or your wages. Otherwise, your obligations
      will be determined by the reaffirmation agreement which may have changed the terms of the original
      agreement. For example, if you are reaffirming an open end credit agreement, the creditor may be
      permitted by that agreement or applicable law to change the terms of that agreement in the future
      under certain conditions. “Are you required to enter into a reaffirmation agreement by any law?
      No, you are not required to reaffirm a debt by any law. Only agree to reaffirm a debt if it is in
      your best interest. Be sure you can afford the payments you agree to make. “What if your creditor
      has a security interest or lien? Your bankruptcy discharge does not eliminate any lien on your property.
      A ‘lien’ is often referred to as a security interest, deed of trust, mortgage or security deed.
      Even if you do not reaffirm and your personal liability on the debt is discharged, because of the
      lien your creditor may still have the right to take the property securing the lien if you do not
      pay the debt or default on it. If the lien is on an item of personal property that is exempt under
      your State’s law or that the trustee has abandoned, you may be able to redeem the item rather than
      reaffirm the debt. To redeem, you must make a single payment to the creditor equal to the amount
      of the allowed secured claim, as agreed by the parties or determined by the court.”. (ii) In the
      case of a reaffirmation under subsection (m)(2), numbered paragraph 6 in the disclosures required
      by clause (i) of this subparagraph shall read as follows: “6. If you were represented by an attorney
      during the negotiation of your reaffirmation agreement, your reaffirmation agreement becomes effective
      upon filing with the court.”. (4) The form of such agreement required under this paragraph shall
      consist of the following: “Part B: Reaffirmation Agreement. I (we) agree to reaffirm the debts arising
      under the credit agreement described below. “Brief description of credit agreement: “Description
      of any changes to the credit agreement made as part of this reaffirmation agreement: “Signature:
      Date: “Borrower: “Co-borrower, if also reaffirming these debts: “Accepted by creditor: “Date of
      creditor acceptance:”. (5) The declaration shall consist of the following: (A) The following certification:
      “Part C: Certification by Debtor’s Attorney (If Any). “I hereby certify that (1) this agreement
      represents a fully informed and voluntary agreement by the debtor; (2) this agreement does not impose
      an undue hardship on the debtor or any dependent of the debtor; and (3) I have fully advised the
      debtor of the legal effect and consequences of this agreement and any default under this agreement.
      “Signature of Debtor’s Attorney: Date:”. (B) If a presumption of undue hardship has been established
      with respect to such agreement, such certification shall state that, in the opinion of the attorney,
      the debtor is able to make the payment. (C) In the case of a reaffirmation agreement under subsection
      (m)(2), subparagraph (B) is not applicable. (6) (A) The statement in support of such agreement,
      which the debtor shall sign and date prior to filing with the court, shall consist of the following:
      “Part D: Debtor’s Statement in Support of Reaffirmation Agreement. “1. I believe this reaffirmation
      agreement will not impose an undue hardship on my dependents or me. I can afford to make the payments
      on the reaffirmed debt because my monthly income (take home pay plus any other income received)
      is $___, and my actual current monthly expenses including monthly payments on post-bankruptcy debt
      and other reaffirmation agreements total $___, leaving $___ to make the required payments on this
      reaffirmed debt. I understand that if my income less my monthly expenses does not leave enough to
      make the payments, this reaffirmation agreement is presumed to be an undue hardship on me and must
      be reviewed by the court. However, this presumption may be overcome if I explain to the satisfaction
      of the court how I can afford to make the payments here: ___. “2. I received a copy of the Reaffirmation
      Disclosure Statement in Part A and a completed and signed reaffirmation agreement.”. (B) Where the
      debtor is represented by an attorney and is reaffirming a debt owed to a creditor defined in section
      19(b)(1)(A)(iv) of the Federal Reserve Act , the statement of support of the reaffirmation agreement,
      which the debtor shall sign and date prior to filing with the court, shall consist of the following:
      “I believe this reaffirmation agreement is in my financial interest. I can afford to make the payments
      on the reaffirmed debt. I received a copy of the Reaffirmation Disclosure Statement in Part A and
      a completed and signed reaffirmation agreement.”. (7) The motion that may be used if approval of
      such agreement by the court is required in order for it to be effective, shall be signed and dated
      by the movant and shall consist of the following: “Part E: Motion for Court Approval (To be completed
      only if the debtor is not represented by an attorney.). I (we), the debtor(s), affirm the following
      to be true and correct: “I am not represented by an attorney in connection with this reaffirmation
      agreement. “I believe this reaffirmation agreement is in my best interest based on the income and
      expenses I have disclosed in my Statement in Support of this reaffirmation agreement, and because
      (provide any additional relevant reasons the court should consider): “Therefore, I ask the court
      for an order approving this reaffirmation agreement.”. (8) The court order, which may be used to
      approve such agreement, shall consist of the following: “Court Order: The court grants the debtor’s
      motion and approves the reaffirmation agreement described above.”.'
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 11 U.S.C. §524 from Cornell LII snapshot 15344ea1b340f1b6;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-l
  canonical_id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-l
  section: 11 U.S.C. §524(l)
  description: '(l): (l) Notwithstanding any other provision of this title the following shall apply:
    (1) A creditor may accept payments from a debtor before and after the filing of an agreement of the
    kind specified in subsection (c) with the court. (2) A creditor may accept payments from a debtor
    under such agreement …'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 11 U.S.C. §524(a)(2)
    source_class: bankruptcy-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/524
    snapshot_id: 15344ea1b340f1b6
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:52:48Z'
    content_hash: sha256:888d69b388131efc725aa6f226329c1bf028cf34c1deed34bc7fc98ab9bbc72e
    paragraph_quote: '(l) Notwithstanding any other provision of this title the following shall apply:
      (1) A creditor may accept payments from a debtor before and after the filing of an agreement of
      the kind specified in subsection (c) with the court. (2) A creditor may accept payments from a debtor
      under such agreement that the creditor believes in good faith to be effective. (3) The requirements
      of subsections (c)(2) and (k) shall be satisfied if disclosures required under those subsections
      are given in good faith.'
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 11 U.S.C. §524 from Cornell LII snapshot 15344ea1b340f1b6;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-m
  canonical_id: bankruptcy-11usc-524-m
  section: 11 U.S.C. §524(m)
  description: '(m): (m) (1) Until 60 days after an agreement of the kind specified in subsection (c)
    is filed with the court (or such additional period as the court, after notice and a hearing and for
    cause, orders before the expiration of such period), it shall be presumed that such agreement is an
    undue hardship on t…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 11 U.S.C. §524(a)(2)
    source_class: bankruptcy-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/11/524
    snapshot_id: 15344ea1b340f1b6
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:52:48Z'
    content_hash: sha256:888d69b388131efc725aa6f226329c1bf028cf34c1deed34bc7fc98ab9bbc72e
    paragraph_quote: (m) (1) Until 60 days after an agreement of the kind specified in subsection (c)
      is filed with the court (or such additional period as the court, after notice and a hearing and
      for cause, orders before the expiration of such period), it shall be presumed that such agreement
      is an undue hardship on the debtor if the debtor’s monthly income less the debtor’s monthly expenses
      as shown on the debtor’s completed and signed statement in support of such agreement required under
      subsection (k)(6)(A) is less than the scheduled payments on the reaffirmed debt. This presumption
      shall be reviewed by the court. The presumption may be rebutted in writing by the debtor if the
      statement includes an explanation that identifies additional sources of funds to make the payments
      as agreed upon under the terms of such agreement. If the presumption is not rebutted to the satisfaction
      of the court, the court may disapprove such agreement. No agreement shall be disapproved without
      notice and a hearing to the debtor and creditor, and such hearing shall be concluded before the
      entry of the debtor’s discharge. (2) This subsection does not apply to reaffirmation agreements
      where the creditor is a credit union, as defined in section 19(b)(1)(A)(iv) of the Federal Reserve
      Act . ( Pub. L. 95–598 , Nov. 6, 1978 , 92 Stat. 2592 ; Pub. L. 98–353, title III , §§ 308, 455,
      July 10, 1984 , 98 Stat. 354 , 376; Pub. L. 99–554, title II , §§ 257( o ), 282, 283(k), Oct. 27,
      1986 , 100 Stat. 3115–3117 ; Pub. L. 103–394, title I , §§ 103, 111(a), title V, § 501(d)(14), Oct.
      22, 1994 , 108 Stat. 4108 , 4113, 4145; Pub. L. 109–8, title II , §§ 202, 203(a), title XII, § 1210,
      Apr. 20, 2005 , 119 Stat. 43 , 194; Pub. L. 111–327, § 2(a)(19) , Dec. 22, 2010 , 124 Stat. 3559
      ; Pub. L. 116–54, § 4(a)(9) , Aug. 23, 2019 , 133 Stat. 1086 .) Historical and Revision Notes legislative
      statements Section 524(a) of the House amendment represents a compromise between the House bill
      and the Senate amendment. Section 524(b) of the House amendment is new, and represents standards
      clarifying the operation of section 524(a)(3) with respect to community property. Sections 524(c)
      and (d) represent a compromise between the House bill and Senate amendment on the issue of reaffirmation
      of a debt discharged in bankruptcy. Every reaffirmation to be enforceable must be approved by the
      court, and any debtor may rescind a reaffirmation for 30 days from the time the reaffirmation becomes
      enforceable. If the debtor is an individual the court must advise the debtor of various effects
      of reaffirmation at a hearing. In addition, to any extent the debt is a consumer debt that is not
      secured by real property of the debtor reaffirmation is permitted only if the court approves the
      reaffirmation agreement, before granting a discharge under section 727, 1141, or 1328, as not imposing
      a hardship on the debtor or a dependent of the debtor and in the best interest of the debtor; alternatively,
      the court may approve an agreement entered into in good faith that is in settlement of litigation
      of a complaint to determine dischargeability or that is entered into in connection with redemption
      under section 722. The hearing on discharge under section 524(d) will be held whether or not the
      debtor desires to reaffirm any debts. senate report no. 95–989 Subsection (a) specifies that a discharge
      in a bankruptcy case voids any judgment to the extent that it is a determination of the personal
      liability of the debtor with respect to a prepetition debt, and operates as an injunction against
      the commencement or continuation of an action, the employment of process, or any act, including
      telephone calls, letters, and personal contacts, to collect, recover, or offset any discharged debt
      as a personal liability of the debtor, or from property of the debtor, whether or not the debtor
      has waived discharge of the debt involved. The injunction is to give complete effect to the discharge
      and to eliminate any doubt concerning the effect of the discharge as a total prohibition on debt
      collection efforts. This paragraph has been expanded over a comparable provision in Bankruptcy Act
      § 14f [section 32(f) of former title 11] to cover any act to collect, such as dunning by telephone
      or letter, or indirectly through friends, relatives, or employers, harassment, threats of repossession,
      and the like. The change is consonant with the new policy forbidding binding reaffirmation agreements
      under proposed 11 U.S.C. 524(b) , and is intended to insure that once a debt is discharged, the
      debtor will not be pressured in any way to repay it. In effect, the discharge extinguishes the debt,
      and creditors may not attempt to avoid that. The language “whether or not discharge of such debt
      is waived” is intended to prevent waiver of discharge of a particular debt from defeating the purposes
      of this section. It is directed at waiver of discharge of a particular debt, not waiver of discharge
      in toto as permitted under section 727(a)(9). Subsection (a) also codifies the split discharge for
      debtors in community property states. If community property was in the estate and community claims
      were discharged, the discharge is effective against community creditors of the nondebtor spouse
      as well as of the debtor spouse. Subsection (b) gives further effect to the discharge. It prohibits
      reaffirmation agreements after the commencement of the case with respect to any dischargeable debt.
      The prohibition extends to agreements the consideration for which in whole or in part is based on
      a dischargeable debt, and it applies whether or not discharge of the debt involved in the agreement
      has been waived. Thus, the prohibition on reaffirmation agreements extends to debts that are based
      on discharged debts. Thus, “second generation” debts, which included all or a part of a discharged
      debt could not be included in any new agreement for new money. This subsection will not have any
      effect on reaffirmations of debts discharged under the Bankruptcy Act [former title 11]. It will
      only apply to discharges granted if commenced under the new title 11 bankruptcy code. Subsection
      (c) grants an exception to the anti-reaffirmation provision. It permits reaffirmation in connection
      with the settlement of a proceeding to determine the dischargeability of the debt being reaffirmed,
      or in connection with a redemption agreement permitted under section 722. In either case, the reaffirmation
      agreement must be entered into in good faith and must be approved by the court. Subsection (d) provides
      the discharge of the debtor does not affect co-debtors or guarantors.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 11 U.S.C. §524 from Cornell LII snapshot 15344ea1b340f1b6;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
