source:
  type: regulation
  id: fha-42usc-3631
  authority: Fair Housing Act (42 U.S.C.) § 3631 — Violations; penalties
  description: 'Fair Housing Act (42 U.S.C.), §3631 Violations; penalties. Captured section-complete from Cornell
    LII (verbatim).

    '
obligations:
- id: fha-42usc-3631-full
  canonical_id: fha-42usc-3631-full
  section: 42 U.S.C. §3631
  description: 'Violations; penalties: CHAPTER 45 > SUBCHAPTER II > § 3631" /> 42 U.S. Code § 3631 - Violations;
    penalties | U.S. Code | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute Please help us improve our site! &times;
    No thank you Skip to main content Cornell Law School Search Cornell Toggle navigation Please help us improve
    our site!…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: Fair Housing Act (42 U.S.C.) § 3631
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/3631
    snapshot_id: 03b28b78ca545111
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:0bd7775f661ae4dcc458dbd6f56f342c8ce28341ffc65bab0ab3f9bef5550a3b
    paragraph_quote: 'CHAPTER 45 > SUBCHAPTER II > § 3631" /> 42 U.S. Code § 3631 - Violations; penalties | U.S.
      Code | US Law | LII / Legal Information Institute Please help us improve our site! &times; No thank you Skip
      to main content Cornell Law School Search Cornell Toggle navigation Please help us improve our site! Support
      Us! Search About LII Who We Are What We Do Who Pays For This Contact Us Get the law Constitution Supreme Court
      U.S. Code CFR Federal Rules Federal Rules of Appellate Procedure Federal Rules of Civil Procedure Federal
      Rules of Criminal Procedure Federal Rules of Evidence Federal Rules of Bankruptcy Procedure U.C.C. Law by
      jurisdiction State law Uniform laws Federal law World law Lawyer directory Legal encyclopedia Business law
      Constitutional law Criminal law Family law Employment law Money and Finances More... Help out Give Sponsor
      Advertise Create Promote Join Lawyer Directory LII U.S. Code Title 42 CHAPTER 45 SUBCHAPTER II § 3631 Quick
      search by citation: Title Section Go! 42 U.S. Code § 3631 - Violations; penalties U.S. Code Notes Authorities
      (CFR) Whoever, whether or not acting under color of law, by force or threat of force willfully injures, intimidates
      or interferes with, or attempts to injure, intimidate or interfere with—'
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §3631 from Cornell LII snapshot 03b28b78ca545111; body isolated
      between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fha-42usc-3631-a
  canonical_id: fha-42usc-3631-a
  section: 42 U.S.C. §3631(a)
  description: 'Violations; penalties — (a): (a) any person because of his race, color, religion, sex, handicap
    (as such term is defined in section 3602 of this title ), familial status (as such term is defined in section
    3602 of this title ), or national origin and because he is or has been selling, purchasing, renting, financing,
    occupying, …'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: Fair Housing Act (42 U.S.C.) § 3631
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/3631
    snapshot_id: 03b28b78ca545111
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:0bd7775f661ae4dcc458dbd6f56f342c8ce28341ffc65bab0ab3f9bef5550a3b
    paragraph_quote: (a) any person because of his race, color, religion, sex, handicap (as such term is defined
      in section 3602 of this title ), familial status (as such term is defined in section 3602 of this title ),
      or national origin and because he is or has been selling, purchasing, renting, financing, occupying, or contracting
      or negotiating for the sale, purchase, rental, financing or occupation of any dwelling, or applying for or
      participating in any service, organization, or facility relating to the business of selling or renting dwellings;
      or
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §3631 subsection (a) from Cornell LII snapshot 03b28b78ca545111;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fha-42usc-3631-b
  canonical_id: fha-42usc-3631-b
  section: 42 U.S.C. §3631(b)
  description: 'Violations; penalties — (b): (b) any person because he is or has been, or in order to intimidate
    such person or any other person or any class of persons from— (1) participating, without discrimination on account
    of race, color, religion, sex, handicap (as such term is defined in section 3602 of this title ), familial status
    (as…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: Fair Housing Act (42 U.S.C.) § 3631
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/3631
    snapshot_id: 03b28b78ca545111
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:0bd7775f661ae4dcc458dbd6f56f342c8ce28341ffc65bab0ab3f9bef5550a3b
    paragraph_quote: (b) any person because he is or has been, or in order to intimidate such person or any other
      person or any class of persons from— (1) participating, without discrimination on account of race, color,
      religion, sex, handicap (as such term is defined in section 3602 of this title ), familial status (as such
      term is defined in section 3602 of this title ), or national origin, in any of the activities, services, organizations
      or facilities described in subsection (a); or (2) affording another person or class of persons opportunity
      or protection so to participate; or
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §3631 subsection (b) from Cornell LII snapshot 03b28b78ca545111;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fha-42usc-3631-c
  canonical_id: fha-42usc-3631-c
  section: 42 U.S.C. §3631(c)
  description: 'Violations; penalties — (c): (c) any citizen because he is or has been, or in order to discourage
    such citizen or any other citizen from lawfully aiding or encouraging other persons to participate, without
    discrimination on account of race, color, religion, sex, handicap (as such term is defined in section 3602 of
    this title ),…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: Fair Housing Act (42 U.S.C.) § 3631
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/3631
    snapshot_id: 03b28b78ca545111
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:0bd7775f661ae4dcc458dbd6f56f342c8ce28341ffc65bab0ab3f9bef5550a3b
    paragraph_quote: (c) any citizen because he is or has been, or in order to discourage such citizen or any other
      citizen from lawfully aiding or encouraging other persons to participate, without discrimination on account
      of race, color, religion, sex, handicap (as such term is defined in section 3602 of this title ), familial
      status (as such term is defined in section 3602 of this title ), or national origin, in any of the activities,
      services, organizations or facilities described in subsection (a), or participating lawfully in speech or
      peaceful assembly opposing any denial of the opportunity to so participate— shall be fined under title 18
      or imprisoned not more than one year, or both; and if bodily injury results from the acts committed in violation
      of this section or if such acts include the use, attempted use, or threatened use of a dangerous weapon, explosives,
      or fire shall be fined under title 18 or imprisoned not more than ten years, or both; and if death results
      from the acts committed in violation of this section or if such acts include kidnapping or an attempt to kidnap,
      aggravated sexual abuse or an attempt to commit aggravated sexual abuse, or an attempt to kill, shall be fined
      under title 18 or imprisoned for any term of years or for life, or both. ( Pub. L. 90–284, title IX, § 901
      , Apr. 11, 1968 , 82 Stat. 89 ; Pub. L. 93–383, title VIII, § 808(b)(4) , Aug. 22, 1974 , 88 Stat. 729 ; Pub.
      L. 100–430, § 9 , Sept. 13, 1988 , 102 Stat. 1635 ; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXII, § 320103(e) , Sept. 13,
      1994 , 108 Stat. 2110 ; Pub. L. 104–294, title VI, § 604(b)(15) , (27), Oct. 11, 1996 , 110 Stat. 3507 , 3508.)
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §3631 subsection (c) from Cornell LII snapshot 03b28b78ca545111;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
