source:
  type: regulation
  id: flood-42usc-4015
  authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4015 — Chargeable premium rates
  description: 'National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.), §4015 Chargeable premium rates. Captured section-complete
    from Cornell LII (verbatim).

    '
obligations:
- id: flood-42usc-4015-a
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4015-a
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4015(a)
  description: 'Chargeable premium rates — (a): (a) Establishment; terms and conditions On the basis of estimates
    made under section 4014 of this title , and such other information as may be necessary, the Administrator shall
    from time to time prescribe, after providing notice— (1) chargeable premium rates for any types and classes
    of properties …'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4015
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4015
    snapshot_id: 24882d92470b0e32
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:9677ff37b36409174a4619b43bb476574100d790690cbfb42c5ab15da9759098
    paragraph_quote: (a) Establishment; terms and conditions On the basis of estimates made under section 4014 of
      this title , and such other information as may be necessary, the Administrator shall from time to time prescribe,
      after providing notice— (1) chargeable premium rates for any types and classes of properties for which insurance
      coverage shall be available under section 4012 of this title (at less than the estimated risk premium rates
      under section 4014(a)(1) of this title , where necessary), and (2) the terms and conditions under which, and
      the areas (including subdivisions thereof) within which, such rates shall apply.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4015 subsection (a) from Cornell LII snapshot 24882d92470b0e32;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4015-b
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4015-b
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4015(b)
  description: 'Chargeable premium rates — (b): (b) Considerations for rates Such rates shall, insofar as practicable,
    be— (1) based on a consideration of the respective risks involved, including differences in risks due to land
    use measures, flood -proofing, flood forecasting, and similar measures; (2) adequate, on the basis of accepted
    actuaria…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4015
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4015
    snapshot_id: 24882d92470b0e32
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:9677ff37b36409174a4619b43bb476574100d790690cbfb42c5ab15da9759098
    paragraph_quote: (b) Considerations for rates Such rates shall, insofar as practicable, be— (1) based on a consideration
      of the respective risks involved, including differences in risks due to land use measures, flood -proofing,
      flood forecasting, and similar measures; (2) adequate, on the basis of accepted actuarial principles, to provide
      reserves for anticipated losses, or, if less than such amount, consistent with the objective of making flood
      insurance available where necessary at reasonable rates so as to encourage prospective insureds to purchase
      such insurance and with the purposes of this chapter; (3) adequate, together with the fee under paragraph
      (1)(B)(iii) or (2) of section 4014(a) of this title , to provide for any administrative expenses of the flood
      insurance and floodplain management programs (including the costs of mapping activities under section 4101
      of this title ); (4) stated so as to reflect the basis for such rates, including the differences (if any)
      between the estimated risk premium rates under section 4014(a)(1) of this title and the estimated rates under
      section 4014(a)(2) of this title ; and (5) adequate, on the basis of accepted actuarial principles, to cover
      the average historical loss year obligations incurred by the National Flood Insurance Fund.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4015 subsection (b) from Cornell LII snapshot 24882d92470b0e32;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4015-c
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4015-c
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4015(c)
  description: 'Chargeable premium rates — (c): (c) Actuarial rate properties Subject only to the limitations provided
    under paragraphs (1) and (2), the chargeable rate shall not be less than the applicable estimated risk premium
    rate for such area (or subdivision thereof) under section 4014(a)(1) of this title with respect to the following
    prope…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4015
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4015
    snapshot_id: 24882d92470b0e32
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:9677ff37b36409174a4619b43bb476574100d790690cbfb42c5ab15da9759098
    paragraph_quote: '(c) Actuarial rate properties Subject only to the limitations provided under paragraphs (1)
      and (2), the chargeable rate shall not be less than the applicable estimated risk premium rate for such area
      (or subdivision thereof) under section 4014(a)(1) of this title with respect to the following properties:
      (1) Post-firm properties Any property the construction or substantial improvement of which the Administrator
      determines has been started after December 31, 1974 , or started after the effective date of the initial rate
      map published by the Administrator under paragraph (2) of section 4101 of this title for the area in which
      such property is located, whichever is later, except that the chargeable rate for properties under this paragraph
      shall be subject to the limitation under subsection (e). (2) Certain leased coastal and river properties Any
      property leased from the Federal Government (including residential and nonresidential properties) that the
      Administrator determines is located on the river-facing side of any dike, levee, or other riverine flood control
      structure, or seaward of any seawall or other coastal flood control structure.'
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4015 subsection (c) from Cornell LII snapshot 24882d92470b0e32;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4015-d
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4015-d
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4015(d)
  description: 'Chargeable premium rates — (d): (d) Payment of certain sums to Administrator; deposits in Fund With
    respect to any chargeable premium rate prescribed under this section, a sum equal to the portion of the rate
    that covers any administrative expenses of carrying out the flood insurance and floodplain management programs
    which have b…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4015
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4015
    snapshot_id: 24882d92470b0e32
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:9677ff37b36409174a4619b43bb476574100d790690cbfb42c5ab15da9759098
    paragraph_quote: (d) Payment of certain sums to Administrator; deposits in Fund With respect to any chargeable
      premium rate prescribed under this section, a sum equal to the portion of the rate that covers any administrative
      expenses of carrying out the flood insurance and floodplain management programs which have been estimated
      under paragraphs (1)(B)(ii) and (1)(B)(iii) of section 4014(a) of this title or paragraph (2) of such section
      (including the fees under such paragraphs), shall be paid to the Administrator. The Administrator shall deposit
      the sum in the National Flood Insurance Fund established under section 4017 of this title .
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4015 subsection (d) from Cornell LII snapshot 24882d92470b0e32;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4015-e
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4015-e
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4015(e)
  description: 'Chargeable premium rates — (e): (e) Annual limitation on premium increases Except with respect to
    properties described under paragraph (2) of subsection (c), and notwithstanding any other provision of this
    chapter— (1) the chargeable risk premium rate for flood insurance under this chapter for any property may not
    be increased by …'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4015
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4015
    snapshot_id: 24882d92470b0e32
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:9677ff37b36409174a4619b43bb476574100d790690cbfb42c5ab15da9759098
    paragraph_quote: (e) Annual limitation on premium increases Except with respect to properties described under
      paragraph (2) of subsection (c), and notwithstanding any other provision of this chapter— (1) the chargeable
      risk premium rate for flood insurance under this chapter for any property may not be increased by more than
      18 percent each year, except— (A) as provided in paragraph (4); (B) in the case of property identified under
      section 4014(g) of this title ; or (C) in the case of a property that—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4015 subsection (e) from Cornell LII snapshot 24882d92470b0e32;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4015-i
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4015-i
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4015(i)
  description: 'Chargeable premium rates — (i): (i) is located in a community that has experienced a rating downgrade
    under the community rating system program carried out under section 4022(b) of this title ; (ii) is covered
    by a policy with respect to which the policyholder has— (I) decreased the amount of the deductible; or (II)
    increased the …'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4015
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4015
    snapshot_id: 24882d92470b0e32
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:9677ff37b36409174a4619b43bb476574100d790690cbfb42c5ab15da9759098
    paragraph_quote: (i) is located in a community that has experienced a rating downgrade under the community rating
      system program carried out under section 4022(b) of this title ; (ii) is covered by a policy with respect
      to which the policyholder has— (I) decreased the amount of the deductible; or (II) increased the amount of
      coverage; or (iii) was misrated; (2) the chargeable risk premium rates for flood insurance under this chapter
      for any properties initially rated under section 4014(a)(2) of this title within any single risk classification,
      excluding properties for which the chargeable risk premium rate is not less than the applicable estimated
      risk premium rate under section 4014(a)(1) of this title , shall be increased by an amount that results in
      an average of such rate increases for properties within the risk classification during any 12-month period
      of not less than 5 percent of the average of the risk premium rates for such properties within the risk classification
      upon the commencement of such 12-month period; (3) the chargeable risk premium rates for flood insurance under
      this chapter for any properties within any single risk classification may not be increased by an amount that
      would result in the average of such rate increases for properties within the risk classification during any
      12-month period exceeding 15 percent of the average of the risk premium rates for properties within the risk
      classification upon the commencement of such 12-month period; and (4) the chargeable risk premium rates for
      flood insurance under this chapter for any properties described in subparagraphs (A) through (E) of section
      4014(a)(2) of this title shall be increased by 25 percent each year, until the average risk premium rate for
      such properties is equal to the average of the risk premium rates for properties described under paragraph
      (3).
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4015 subsection (i) from Cornell LII snapshot 24882d92470b0e32;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4015-f
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4015-f
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4015(f)
  description: 'Chargeable premium rates — (f): (f) Adjustment of premium Notwithstanding any other provision of
    law, if the Administrator determines that the holder of a flood insurance policy issued under this chapter is
    paying a lower premium than is required under this section due to an error in the flood plain determination,
    the Administrato…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4015
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4015
    snapshot_id: 24882d92470b0e32
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:9677ff37b36409174a4619b43bb476574100d790690cbfb42c5ab15da9759098
    paragraph_quote: (f) Adjustment of premium Notwithstanding any other provision of law, if the Administrator
      determines that the holder of a flood insurance policy issued under this chapter is paying a lower premium
      than is required under this section due to an error in the flood plain determination, the Administrator may
      only prospectively charge the higher premium rate.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4015 subsection (f) from Cornell LII snapshot 24882d92470b0e32;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4015-g
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4015-g
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4015(g)
  description: 'Chargeable premium rates — (g): (g) Frequency of premium collection With respect to any chargeable
    premium rate prescribed under this section, the Administrator shall provide policyholders that are not required
    to escrow their premiums and fees for flood insurance as set forth under section 4012a of this title with the
    option of p…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4015
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4015
    snapshot_id: 24882d92470b0e32
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:9677ff37b36409174a4619b43bb476574100d790690cbfb42c5ab15da9759098
    paragraph_quote: (g) Frequency of premium collection With respect to any chargeable premium rate prescribed
      under this section, the Administrator shall provide policyholders that are not required to escrow their premiums
      and fees for flood insurance as set forth under section 4012a of this title with the option of paying their
      premiums annually or monthly.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4015 subsection (g) from Cornell LII snapshot 24882d92470b0e32;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4015-h
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4015-h
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4015(h)
  description: 'Chargeable premium rates — (h): (h) Rule of construction For purposes of this section, the calculation
    of an “average historical loss year”— (1) includes catastrophic loss years; and (2) shall be computed in accordance
    with generally accepted actuarial principles.'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4015
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4015
    snapshot_id: 24882d92470b0e32
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:9677ff37b36409174a4619b43bb476574100d790690cbfb42c5ab15da9759098
    paragraph_quote: (h) Rule of construction For purposes of this section, the calculation of an “average historical
      loss year”— (1) includes catastrophic loss years; and (2) shall be computed in accordance with generally accepted
      actuarial principles.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4015 subsection (h) from Cornell LII snapshot 24882d92470b0e32;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4015-i
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4015-i
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4015(i)
  description: 'Chargeable premium rates — (i): (i) Rates for properties newly mapped into areas with special flood
    hazards Notwithstanding subsection (f), the premium rate for flood insurance under this chapter that is purchased
    on or after March 21, 2014 — (1) on a property located in an area not previously designated as having special
    flood ha…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4015
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4015
    snapshot_id: 24882d92470b0e32
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:9677ff37b36409174a4619b43bb476574100d790690cbfb42c5ab15da9759098
    paragraph_quote: (i) Rates for properties newly mapped into areas with special flood hazards Notwithstanding
      subsection (f), the premium rate for flood insurance under this chapter that is purchased on or after March
      21, 2014 — (1) on a property located in an area not previously designated as having special flood hazards
      and that, pursuant to any issuance, revision, updating, or other change in a flood insurance map, becomes
      designated as such an area; and (2) where such flood insurance premium rate is calculated under subsection
      (a)(1) of section 4014 of this title , shall for the first policy year be the preferred risk premium for the
      property and upon renewal shall be calculated in accordance with subsection (e) of this section until the
      rate reaches the rate calculated under subsection (a)(1) of section 4014 of this title .
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4015 subsection (i) from Cornell LII snapshot 24882d92470b0e32;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4015-j
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4015-j
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4015(j)
  description: 'Chargeable premium rates — (j): (j) Premiums and reports In setting premium risk rates, in addition
    to striving to achieve the objectives of this chapter the Administrator shall also strive to minimize the number
    of policies with annual premiums that exceed one percent of the total coverage provided by the policy. For any
    policies…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4015
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4015
    snapshot_id: 24882d92470b0e32
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:9677ff37b36409174a4619b43bb476574100d790690cbfb42c5ab15da9759098
    paragraph_quote: (j) Premiums and reports In setting premium risk rates, in addition to striving to achieve
      the objectives of this chapter the Administrator shall also strive to minimize the number of policies with
      annual premiums that exceed one percent of the total coverage provided by the policy. For any policies premiums
      that exceed this one percent threshold, the Administrator shall report such exceptions to the Committee on
      Financial Services of the House of Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs
      of the Senate .
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4015 subsection (j) from Cornell LII snapshot 24882d92470b0e32;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4015-k
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4015-k
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4015(k)
  description: 'Chargeable premium rates — (k): (k) Consideration of mitigation methods In calculating the risk
    premium rate charged for flood insurance for a property under this section, the Administrator shall take into
    account the implementation of any mitigation method identified by the Administrator in the guidance issued under
    section 4102(…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4015
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4015
    snapshot_id: 24882d92470b0e32
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:9677ff37b36409174a4619b43bb476574100d790690cbfb42c5ab15da9759098
    paragraph_quote: (k) Consideration of mitigation methods In calculating the risk premium rate charged for flood
      insurance for a property under this section, the Administrator shall take into account the implementation
      of any mitigation method identified by the Administrator in the guidance issued under section 4102(d) of this
      title .
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4015 subsection (k) from Cornell LII snapshot 24882d92470b0e32;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4015-l
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4015-l
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4015(l)
  description: 'Chargeable premium rates — (l): (l) Clear communications The Administrator shall clearly communicate
    full flood risk determinations to individual property owners regardless of whether their premium rates are full
    actuarial rates.'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4015
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4015
    snapshot_id: 24882d92470b0e32
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:9677ff37b36409174a4619b43bb476574100d790690cbfb42c5ab15da9759098
    paragraph_quote: (l) Clear communications The Administrator shall clearly communicate full flood risk determinations
      to individual property owners regardless of whether their premium rates are full actuarial rates.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4015 subsection (l) from Cornell LII snapshot 24882d92470b0e32;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4015-m
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4015-m
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4015(m)
  description: 'Chargeable premium rates — (m): (m) Protection of small businesses, non-profits, houses of worship,
    and residences (1) Report Not later than 18 months after March 21, 2014 , [1] and semiannually thereafter, the
    Administrator shall monitor and report to Committee on Financial Services of the House Representatives and the
    Committee …'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4015
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4015
    snapshot_id: 24882d92470b0e32
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:9677ff37b36409174a4619b43bb476574100d790690cbfb42c5ab15da9759098
    paragraph_quote: (m) Protection of small businesses, non-profits, houses of worship, and residences (1) Report
      Not later than 18 months after March 21, 2014 , [1] and semiannually thereafter, the Administrator shall monitor
      and report to Committee on Financial Services of the House Representatives and the Committee on Banking, Housing,
      and Urban Affairs of the Senate , the Administrator’ s assessment of the impact, if any, of the rate increases
      required under subparagraphs (A) and (D) of section 4014(a)(2) of this title and the surcharges required under
      section 4015a of this title on the affordability of flood insurance for— (A) small businesses with less than
      100 employees; (B) non-profit entities; (C) houses of worship; and (D) residences with a value equal to or
      less than 25 percent of the median home value of properties in the State in which the property is located.
      (2) Recommendations If the Administrator determines that the rate increases or surcharges described in paragraph
      (1) are having a detrimental effect on affordability, including resulting in lapsed policies, late payments,
      or other criteria related to affordability as identified by the Administrator , for any of the properties
      identified in subparagraphs (A) through (D) of such paragraph, the Administrator shall, not later than 3 months
      after making such a determination, make such recommendations as the Administrator considers appropriate to
      improve affordability to the Committee on Financial Services of the House of Representatives and the Committee
      on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs of the Senate . ( Pub. L. 90–448, title XIII, § 1308 , Aug. 1, 1968
      , 82 Stat. 576 ; Pub. L. 93–234, title I, § 103 , Dec. 31, 1973 , 87 Stat. 978 ; Pub. L. 98–181, title I [title
      IV, § 451(d)(1)], Nov. 30, 1983 , 97 Stat. 1229 ; Pub. L. 101–508, title II, § 2302(e)(2) , Nov. 5, 1990 ,
      104 Stat. 1388–24 ; Pub. L. 103–325, title V, § 572(a) , Sept. 23, 1994 , 108 Stat. 2277 ; Pub. L. 108–264,
      title I, § 106 , title II, § 209, June 30, 2004 , 118 Stat. 724 , 727; Pub. L. 112–123, § 2(b) , May 31, 2012
      , 126 Stat. 365 ; Pub. L. 112–141, div. F, title II , §§ 100205(c), (d), 100207, 100211, 100238(b)(1), July
      6, 2012 , 126 Stat. 918 , 919, 921, 958; Pub. L. 113–89 , §§ 4(a), 5–7, 11(a), 26(b), 28, 29, Mar. 21, 2014
      , 128 Stat. 1022 , 1023, 1025, 1033.) [1] See References in Text note below.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4015 subsection (m) from Cornell LII snapshot 24882d92470b0e32;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
