source:
  type: regulation
  id: fcra-15usc-1681c
  authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681c — Requirements relating to information contained in consumer reports
  description: 'Limits what a CRA may include in a consumer report (obsolete-

    information bars, paid tax lien windows, medical-information

    restrictions, veteran medical-debt rules), and imposes credit/

    debit card truncation and address-discrepancy notification

    duties on third parties.

    '
obligations:
- id: fcra-15usc-1681c-a
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681c-a
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681c(a)
  description: '(a): (a) Information excluded from consumer reports Except as authorized under subsection
    (b), no consumer reporting agency may make any consumer report containing any of the following items
    of information: (1) Cases under title 11 or under the Bankruptcy Act that, from the date of entry
    of the order for…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681c(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681c
    snapshot_id: b5793a5bacbd3ef7
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:44Z'
    content_hash: sha256:ff86246b1285aa080f6f0c5cbf695d5ad1e88dc4ba9a765b2a15cb92034c9d9e
    paragraph_quote: '(a) Information excluded from consumer reports Except as authorized under subsection
      (b), no consumer reporting agency may make any consumer report containing any of the following items
      of information: (1) Cases under title 11 or under the Bankruptcy Act that, from the date of entry
      of the order for relief or the date of adjudication, as the case may be, antedate the report by
      more than 10 years. (2) Civil suits, civil judgments, and records of arrest that, from date of entry,
      antedate the report by more than seven years or until the governing statute of limitations has expired,
      whichever is the longer period. (3) Paid tax liens which, from date of payment, antedate the report
      by more than seven years. (4) Accounts placed for collection or charged to profit and loss which
      antedate the report by more than seven years. (5) Any other adverse item of information, other than
      records of convictions of crimes which antedates the report by more than seven years. (6) The name,
      address, and telephone number of any medical information furnisher that has notified the agency
      of its status, unless— (A) such name, address, and telephone number are restricted or reported using
      codes that do not identify, or provide information sufficient to infer, the specific provider or
      the nature of such services, products, or devices to a person other than the consumer ; or (B) the
      report is being provided to an insurance company for a purpose relating to engaging in the business
      of insurance other than property and casualty insurance. (7) With respect to a consumer reporting
      agency described in section 1681a(p) of this title , any information related to a veteran’ s medical
      debt if the date on which the hospital care, medical services, or extended care services was rendered
      relating to the debt antedates the report by less than 1 year if the consumer reporting agency has
      actual knowledge that the information is related to a veteran’ s medical debt and the consumer reporting
      agency is in compliance with its obligation under section 302(c)(5) of the Economic Growth, Regulatory
      Relief, and Consumer Protection Act. (8) With respect to a consumer reporting agency described in
      section 1681a(p) of this title , any information related to a fully paid or settled veteran’ s medical
      debt that had been characterized as delinquent, charged off, or in collection if the consumer reporting
      agency has actual knowledge that the information is related to a veteran’ s medical debt and the
      consumer reporting agency is in compliance with its obligation under section 302(c)(5) of the Economic
      Growth, Regulatory Relief, and Consumer Protection Act.'
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681c from Cornell LII snapshot b5793a5bacbd3ef7;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681c-b
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681c-b
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681c(b)
  description: '(b): (b) Exempted cases The provisions of paragraphs (1) through (5) of subsection (a)
    are not applicable in the case of any consumer credit report to be used in connection with— (1) a
    credit transaction involving, or which may reasonably be expected to involve, a principal amount of
    $150,000 or more; (2…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681c(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681c
    snapshot_id: b5793a5bacbd3ef7
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:44Z'
    content_hash: sha256:ff86246b1285aa080f6f0c5cbf695d5ad1e88dc4ba9a765b2a15cb92034c9d9e
    paragraph_quote: (b) Exempted cases The provisions of paragraphs (1) through (5) of subsection (a)
      are not applicable in the case of any consumer credit report to be used in connection with— (1)
      a credit transaction involving, or which may reasonably be expected to involve, a principal amount
      of $150,000 or more; (2) the underwriting of life insurance involving, or which may reasonably be
      expected to involve, a face amount of $150,000 or more; or (3) the employment of any individual
      at an annual salary which equals, or which may reasonably be expected to equal $75,000, or more.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681c from Cornell LII snapshot b5793a5bacbd3ef7;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681c-c
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681c-c
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681c(c)
  description: '(c): (c) Running of reporting period (1) In general The 7-year period referred to in paragraphs
    (4) and (6) of subsection (a) shall begin, with respect to any delinquent account that is placed for
    collection (internally or by referral to a third party, whichever is earlier), charged to profit and
    loss, o…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681c(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681c
    snapshot_id: b5793a5bacbd3ef7
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:44Z'
    content_hash: sha256:ff86246b1285aa080f6f0c5cbf695d5ad1e88dc4ba9a765b2a15cb92034c9d9e
    paragraph_quote: (c) Running of reporting period (1) In general The 7-year period referred to in paragraphs
      (4) and (6) of subsection (a) shall begin, with respect to any delinquent account that is placed
      for collection (internally or by referral to a third party, whichever is earlier), charged to profit
      and loss, or subjected to any similar action, upon the expiration of the 180-day period beginning
      on the date of the commencement of the delinquency which immediately preceded the collection activity,
      charge to profit and loss, or similar action. (2) Effective date Paragraph (1) shall apply only
      to items of information added to the file of a consumer on or after the date that is 455 days after
      September 30, 1996 .
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681c from Cornell LII snapshot b5793a5bacbd3ef7;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681c-d
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681c-d
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681c(d)
  description: '(d): (d) Information required to be disclosed (1) Title 11 information Any consumer reporting
    agency that furnishes a consumer report that contains information regarding any case involving the
    consumer that arises under title 11 shall include in the report an identification of the chapter of
    such title 1…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681c(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681c
    snapshot_id: b5793a5bacbd3ef7
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:44Z'
    content_hash: sha256:ff86246b1285aa080f6f0c5cbf695d5ad1e88dc4ba9a765b2a15cb92034c9d9e
    paragraph_quote: (d) Information required to be disclosed (1) Title 11 information Any consumer reporting
      agency that furnishes a consumer report that contains information regarding any case involving the
      consumer that arises under title 11 shall include in the report an identification of the chapter
      of such title 11 under which such case arises if provided by the source of the information. If any
      case arising or filed under title 11 is withdrawn by the consumer before a final judgment, the consumer
      reporting agency shall include in the report that such case or filing was withdrawn upon receipt
      of documentation certifying such withdrawal. (2) Key factor in credit score information Any consumer
      reporting agency that furnishes a consumer report that contains any credit score or any other risk
      score or predictor on any consumer shall include in the report a clear and conspicuous statement
      that a key factor (as defined in section 1681g(f)(2)(B) of this title ) that adversely affected
      such score or predictor was the number of enquiries, if such a predictor was in fact a key factor
      that adversely affected such score. This paragraph shall not apply to a check services company,
      acting as such, which issues authorizations for the purpose of approving or processing negotiable
      instruments, electronic fund transfers, or similar methods of payments, but only to the extent that
      such company is engaged in such activities.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681c from Cornell LII snapshot b5793a5bacbd3ef7;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681c-e
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681c-e
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681c(e)
  description: '(e): (e) Indication of closure of account by consumer If a consumer reporting agency is
    notified pursuant to section 1681s–2(a)(4) of this title that a credit account of a consumer was voluntarily
    closed by the consumer, the agency shall indicate that fact in any consumer report that includes information…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681c(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681c
    snapshot_id: b5793a5bacbd3ef7
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:44Z'
    content_hash: sha256:ff86246b1285aa080f6f0c5cbf695d5ad1e88dc4ba9a765b2a15cb92034c9d9e
    paragraph_quote: (e) Indication of closure of account by consumer If a consumer reporting agency is
      notified pursuant to section 1681s–2(a)(4) of this title that a credit account of a consumer was
      voluntarily closed by the consumer, the agency shall indicate that fact in any consumer report that
      includes information related to the account.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681c from Cornell LII snapshot b5793a5bacbd3ef7;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681c-f
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681c-f
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681c(f)
  description: '(f): (f) Indication of dispute by consumer If a consumer reporting agency is notified
    pursuant to section 1681s–2(a)(3) of this title that information regarding a consumer who [1] was
    furnished to the agency is disputed by the consumer, the agency shall indicate that fact in each consumer
    report that inc…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681c(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681c
    snapshot_id: b5793a5bacbd3ef7
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:44Z'
    content_hash: sha256:ff86246b1285aa080f6f0c5cbf695d5ad1e88dc4ba9a765b2a15cb92034c9d9e
    paragraph_quote: (f) Indication of dispute by consumer If a consumer reporting agency is notified
      pursuant to section 1681s–2(a)(3) of this title that information regarding a consumer who [1] was
      furnished to the agency is disputed by the consumer, the agency shall indicate that fact in each
      consumer report that includes the disputed information.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681c from Cornell LII snapshot b5793a5bacbd3ef7;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681c-g
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681c-g
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681c(g)
  description: '(g): (g) Truncation of credit card and debit card numbers (1) In general Except as otherwise
    provided in this subsection, no person that accepts credit cards or debit cards for the transaction
    of business shall print more than the last 5 digits of the card number or the expiration date upon
    any receipt p…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681c(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681c
    snapshot_id: b5793a5bacbd3ef7
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:44Z'
    content_hash: sha256:ff86246b1285aa080f6f0c5cbf695d5ad1e88dc4ba9a765b2a15cb92034c9d9e
    paragraph_quote: (g) Truncation of credit card and debit card numbers (1) In general Except as otherwise
      provided in this subsection, no person that accepts credit cards or debit cards for the transaction
      of business shall print more than the last 5 digits of the card number or the expiration date upon
      any receipt provided to the cardholder at the point of the sale or transaction. (2) Limitation This
      subsection shall apply only to receipts that are electronically printed, and shall not apply to
      transactions in which the sole means of recording a credit card or debit card account number is
      by handwriting or by an imprint or copy of the card. (3) Effective date This subsection shall become
      effective— (A) 3 years after December 4, 2003 , with respect to any cash register or other machine
      or device that electronically prints receipts for credit card or debit card transactions that is
      in use before January 1, 2005 ; and (B) 1 year after December 4, 2003 , with respect to any cash
      register or other machine or device that electronically prints receipts for credit card or debit
      card transactions that is first put into use on or after January 1, 2005 .
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681c from Cornell LII snapshot b5793a5bacbd3ef7;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681c-h
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681c-h
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681c(h)
  description: '(h): (h) Notice of discrepancy in address (1) In general If a person has requested a consumer
    report relating to a consumer from a consumer reporting agency described in section 1681a(p) of this
    title , the request includes an address for the consumer that substantially differs from the addresses
    in the …'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681c(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681c
    snapshot_id: b5793a5bacbd3ef7
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:44Z'
    content_hash: sha256:ff86246b1285aa080f6f0c5cbf695d5ad1e88dc4ba9a765b2a15cb92034c9d9e
    paragraph_quote: (h) Notice of discrepancy in address (1) In general If a person has requested a consumer
      report relating to a consumer from a consumer reporting agency described in section 1681a(p) of
      this title , the request includes an address for the consumer that substantially differs from the
      addresses in the file of the consumer, and the agency provides a consumer report in response to
      the request, the consumer reporting agency shall notify the requester of the existence of the discrepancy.
      (2) Regulations (A) Regulations required The Bureau shall,, [2] in consultation with the Federal
      banking agencies, the National Credit Union Administration , and the Federal Trade Commission ,,
      [2] prescribe regulations providing guidance regarding reasonable policies and procedures that a
      user of a consumer report should employ when such user has received a notice of discrepancy under
      paragraph (1). (B) Policies and procedures to be included The regulations prescribed under subparagraph
      (A) shall describe reasonable policies and procedures for use by a user of a consumer report —
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681c from Cornell LII snapshot b5793a5bacbd3ef7;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681c-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681c-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681c(i)
  description: '(i): (i) to form a reasonable belief that the user knows the identity of the person to
    whom the consumer report pertains; and (ii) if the user establishes a continuing relationship with
    the consumer , and the user regularly and in the ordinary course of business furnishes information
    to the consumer repo…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681c(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681c
    snapshot_id: b5793a5bacbd3ef7
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:44Z'
    content_hash: sha256:ff86246b1285aa080f6f0c5cbf695d5ad1e88dc4ba9a765b2a15cb92034c9d9e
    paragraph_quote: (i) to form a reasonable belief that the user knows the identity of the person to
      whom the consumer report pertains; and (ii) if the user establishes a continuing relationship with
      the consumer , and the user regularly and in the ordinary course of business furnishes information
      to the consumer reporting agency from which the notice of discrepancy pertaining to the consumer
      was obtained, to reconcile the address of the consumer with the consumer reporting agency by furnishing
      such address to such consumer reporting agency as part of information regularly furnished by the
      user for the period in which the relationship is established. ( Pub. L. 90–321, title VI, § 605
      , as added Pub. L. 91–508, title VI, § 601 , Oct. 26, 1970 , 84 Stat. 1129 ; amended Pub. L. 95–598,
      title III, § 312(b) , Nov. 6, 1978 , 92 Stat. 2676 ; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title II, § 2406(a)
      –(e)(1), Sept. 30, 1996 , 110 Stat. 3009–434 , 3009–435; Pub. L. 105–347, § 5 , Nov. 2, 1998 , 112
      Stat. 3211 ; Pub. L. 108–159, title I, § 113 , title II, § 212(d), title III, § 315, title IV, §
      412(b), (c), title VIII, § 811(c)(1), (2)(A), Dec. 4, 2003 , 117 Stat. 1959 , 1977, 1996, 2002,
      2011; Pub. L. 111–203, title X, § 1088(a)(2)(D) , (5), July 21, 2010 , 124 Stat. 2087 ; Pub. L.
      115–174, title III, § 302(b)(2) , May 24, 2018 , 132 Stat. 1333 .) [1] So in original. Probably
      should be “which”. [2] So in original.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681c from Cornell LII snapshot b5793a5bacbd3ef7;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
