source:
  type: regulation
  id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2
  authority: FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C.) § 1681s-2 — Responsibilities of furnishers of information
    to consumer reporting agencies
  description: 'FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C.), §1681s-2 Responsibilities of furnishers of information
    to consumer reporting agencies. Captured section-complete from Cornell LII (verbatim).

    '
obligations:
- id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-a
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-a
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2(a)
  description: 'Responsibilities of furnishers of information to consumer reporting agencies — (a): (a) Duty of
    furnishers of information to provide accurate information (1) Prohibition (A) Reporting information with actual
    knowledge of errors A person shall not furnish any information relating to a consumer to any consumer reporting
    agency if the person knows or has reasonable cause to believe th…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C.) § 1681s-2
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681s-2
    snapshot_id: 3ea249e861ef3350
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:d02cf72c4d21fc57b40441adac3e66c85657b537f282f4a76641c9632f4fe8a1
    paragraph_quote: (a) Duty of furnishers of information to provide accurate information (1) Prohibition (A) Reporting
      information with actual knowledge of errors A person shall not furnish any information relating to a consumer
      to any consumer reporting agency if the person knows or has reasonable cause to believe that the information
      is inaccurate . (B) Reporting information after notice and confirmation of errors A person shall not furnish
      information relating to a consumer to any consumer reporting agency if—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2 subsection (a) from Cornell LII snapshot 3ea249e861ef3350;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2(i)
  description: 'Responsibilities of furnishers of information to consumer reporting agencies — (i): (i) the person
    has been notified by the consumer , at the address specified by the person for such notices, that specific information
    is inaccurate; and (ii) the information is, in fact, inaccurate. (C) No address requirement A person who clearly
    and conspicuously specifies to the consumer an addres…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C.) § 1681s-2
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681s-2
    snapshot_id: 3ea249e861ef3350
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:d02cf72c4d21fc57b40441adac3e66c85657b537f282f4a76641c9632f4fe8a1
    paragraph_quote: (i) the person has been notified by the consumer , at the address specified by the person for
      such notices, that specific information is inaccurate; and (ii) the information is, in fact, inaccurate. (C)
      No address requirement A person who clearly and conspicuously specifies to the consumer an address for notices
      referred to in subparagraph (B) shall not be subject to subparagraph (A); however, nothing in subparagraph
      (B) shall require a person to specify such an address. (D) Definition For purposes of subparagraph (A), the
      term “ reasonable cause to believe that the information is inaccurate ” means having specific knowledge, other
      than solely allegations by the consumer, that would cause a reasonable person to have substantial doubts about
      the accuracy of the information. (E) Rehabilitation of private education loans
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2 subsection (i) from Cornell LII snapshot 3ea249e861ef3350;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2(i)
  description: 'Responsibilities of furnishers of information to consumer reporting agencies — (i): (i) In general
    Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, a consumer may request a financial institution to remove
    from a consumer report a reported default regarding a private education loan , and such information shall not
    be considered inaccurate, if— (I) the financial institution choos…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C.) § 1681s-2
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681s-2
    snapshot_id: 3ea249e861ef3350
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:d02cf72c4d21fc57b40441adac3e66c85657b537f282f4a76641c9632f4fe8a1
    paragraph_quote: (i) In general Notwithstanding any other provision of this section, a consumer may request
      a financial institution to remove from a consumer report a reported default regarding a private education
      loan , and such information shall not be considered inaccurate, if— (I) the financial institution chooses
      to offer a loan rehabilitation program which includes, without limitation, a requirement of the consumer to
      make consecutive on-time monthly payments in a number that demonstrates, in the assessment of the financial
      institution offering the loan rehabilitation program, a renewed ability and willingness to repay the loan;
      and (II) the requirements of the loan rehabilitation program described in subclause (I) are successfully met.
      (ii) Banking agencies (I) In general If a financial institution is supervised by a Federal banking agency,
      the financial institution shall seek written approval concerning the terms and conditions of the loan rehabilitation
      program described in clause (i) from the appropriate Federal banking agency . (II) Feedback An appropriate
      Federal banking agency shall provide feedback to a financial institution within 120 days of a request for
      approval under subclause (I). (iii) Limitation (I) In general A consumer may obtain the benefits available
      under this subsection with respect to rehabilitating a loan only 1 time per loan. (II) Rule of construction
      Nothing in this subparagraph may be construed to require a financial institution to offer a loan rehabilitation
      program or to remove any reported default from a consumer report as a consideration of a loan rehabilitation
      program, except as described in clause (i). (iv) Definitions For purposes of this subparagraph— (I) the term
      “ appropriate Federal banking agency ” has the meaning given the term in section 1813 of title 12 ; and (II)
      the term “ private education loan ” has the meaning given the term in section 1650(a) of this title . (F)
      Reporting information during COVID–19 pandemic
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2 subsection (i) from Cornell LII snapshot 3ea249e861ef3350;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2(i)
  description: 'Responsibilities of furnishers of information to consumer reporting agencies — (i): (i) Definitions
    In this subsection: (I) Accommodation The term “ accommodation ” includes an agreement to defer 1 or more payments,
    make a partial payment, forbear any delinquent amounts, modify a loan or contract, or any other assistance or
    relief granted to a consumer who is affected by the corona…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C.) § 1681s-2
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681s-2
    snapshot_id: 3ea249e861ef3350
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:d02cf72c4d21fc57b40441adac3e66c85657b537f282f4a76641c9632f4fe8a1
    paragraph_quote: '(i) Definitions In this subsection: (I) Accommodation The term “ accommodation ” includes
      an agreement to defer 1 or more payments, make a partial payment, forbear any delinquent amounts, modify a
      loan or contract, or any other assistance or relief granted to a consumer who is affected by the coronavirus
      disease 2019 (COVID–19) pandemic during the covered period . (II) Covered period The term “ covered period
      ” means the period beginning on January 31, 2020 and ending on the later of— (aa) 120 days after March 27,
      2020 ; or (bb) 120 days after the date on which the national emergency concerning the novel coronavirus disease
      (COVID–19) outbreak declared by the President on March 13, 2020 under the National Emergencies Act ( 50 U.S.C.
      1601 et seq.) terminates. (ii) Reporting Except as provided in clause (iii), if a furnisher makes an accommodation
      with respect to 1 or more payments on a credit obligation or account of a consumer, and the consumer makes
      the payments or is not required to make 1 or more payments pursuant to the accommodation , the furnisher shall—
      (I) report the credit obligation or account as current; or (II) if the credit obligation or account was delinquent
      before the accommodation — (aa) maintain the delinquent status during the period in which the accommodation
      is in effect; and (bb) if the consumer brings the credit obligation or account current during the period described
      in item (aa), report the credit obligation or account as current. (iii) Exception Clause (ii) shall not apply
      with respect to a credit obligation or account of a consumer that has been charged-off. (2) Duty to correct
      and update information A person who— (A) regularly and in the ordinary course of business furnishes information
      to one or more consumer reporting agencies about the person’ s transactions or experiences with any consumer
      ; and (B) has furnished to a consumer reporting agency information that the person determines is not complete
      or accurate, shall promptly notify the consumer reporting agency of that determination and provide to the
      agency any corrections to that information, or any additional information, that is necessary to make the information
      provided by the person to the agency complete and accurate, and shall not thereafter furnish to the agency
      any of the information that remains not complete or accurate. (3) Duty to provide notice of dispute If the
      completeness or accuracy of any information furnished by any person to any consumer reporting agency is disputed
      to such person by a consumer, the person may not furnish the information to any consumer reporting agency
      without notice that such information is disputed by the consumer. (4) Duty to provide notice of closed accounts
      A person who regularly and in the ordinary course of business furnishes information to a consumer reporting
      agency regarding a consumer who has a credit account with that person shall notify the agency of the voluntary
      closure of the account by the consumer, in information regularly furnished for the period in which the account
      is closed. (5) Duty to provide notice of delinquency of accounts (A) In general A person who furnishes information
      to a consumer reporting agency regarding a delinquent account being placed for collection, charged to profit
      or loss, or subjected to any similar action shall, not later than 90 days after furnishing the information,
      notify the agency of the date of delinquency on the account, which shall be the month and year of the commencement
      of the delinquency on the account that immediately preceded the action. (B) Rule of construction For purposes
      of this paragraph only, and provided that the consumer does not dispute the information, a person that furnishes
      information on a delinquent account that is placed for collection, charged for profit or loss, or subjected
      to any similar action, complies with this paragraph, if—'
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2 subsection (i) from Cornell LII snapshot 3ea249e861ef3350;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2(i)
  description: 'Responsibilities of furnishers of information to consumer reporting agencies — (i): (i) the person
    reports the same date of delinquency as that provided by the creditor to which the account was owed at the time
    at which the commencement of the delinquency occurred, if the creditor previously reported that date of delinquency
    to a consumer reporting agency ; (ii) the creditor did no…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C.) § 1681s-2
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681s-2
    snapshot_id: 3ea249e861ef3350
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:d02cf72c4d21fc57b40441adac3e66c85657b537f282f4a76641c9632f4fe8a1
    paragraph_quote: (i) the person reports the same date of delinquency as that provided by the creditor to which
      the account was owed at the time at which the commencement of the delinquency occurred, if the creditor previously
      reported that date of delinquency to a consumer reporting agency ; (ii) the creditor did not previously report
      the date of delinquency to a consumer reporting agency , and the person establishes and follows reasonable
      procedures to obtain the date of delinquency from the creditor or another reliable source and reports that
      date to a consumer reporting agency as the date of delinquency; or (iii) the creditor did not previously report
      the date of delinquency to a consumer reporting agency and the date of delinquency cannot be reasonably obtained
      as provided in clause (ii), the person establishes and follows reasonable procedures to ensure the date reported
      as the date of delinquency precedes the date on which the account is placed for collection, charged to profit
      or loss, or subjected to any similar action, and reports such date to the credit reporting agency. (6) Duties
      of furnishers upon notice of identity theft-related information (A) Reasonable procedures A person that furnishes
      information to any consumer reporting agency shall have in place reasonable procedures to respond to any notification
      that it receives from a consumer reporting agency under section 1681c–2 of this title relating to information
      resulting from identity theft, to prevent that person from refurnishing such blocked information. (B) Information
      alleged to result from identity theft If a consumer submits an identity theft report to a person who furnishes
      information to a consumer reporting agency at the address specified by that person for receiving such reports
      stating that information maintained by such person that purports to relate to the consumer resulted from identity
      theft, the person may not furnish such information that purports to relate to the consumer to any consumer
      reporting agency , unless the person subsequently knows or is informed by the consumer that the information
      is correct. (7) Negative information (A) Notice to consumer required
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2 subsection (i) from Cornell LII snapshot 3ea249e861ef3350;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2(i)
  description: 'Responsibilities of furnishers of information to consumer reporting agencies — (i): (i) In general
    If any financial institution that extends credit and regularly and in the ordinary course of business furnishes
    information to a consumer reporting agency described in section 1681a(p) of this title furnishes negative information
    to such an agency regarding credit extended to a custom…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C.) § 1681s-2
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681s-2
    snapshot_id: 3ea249e861ef3350
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:d02cf72c4d21fc57b40441adac3e66c85657b537f282f4a76641c9632f4fe8a1
    paragraph_quote: (i) In general If any financial institution that extends credit and regularly and in the ordinary
      course of business furnishes information to a consumer reporting agency described in section 1681a(p) of this
      title furnishes negative information to such an agency regarding credit extended to a customer, the financial
      institution shall provide a notice of such furnishing of negative information, in writing, to the customer.
      (ii) Notice effective for subsequent submissions After providing such notice, the financial institution may
      submit additional negative information to a consumer reporting agency described in section 1681a(p) of this
      title with respect to the same transaction, extension of credit, account, or customer without providing additional
      notice to the customer. (B) Time of notice
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2 subsection (i) from Cornell LII snapshot 3ea249e861ef3350;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2(i)
  description: 'Responsibilities of furnishers of information to consumer reporting agencies — (i): (i) In general
    The notice required under subparagraph (A) shall be provided to the customer prior to, or no later than 30 days
    after, furnishing the negative information to a consumer reporting agency described in section 1681a(p) of this
    title . (ii) Coordination with new account disclosures If the…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C.) § 1681s-2
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681s-2
    snapshot_id: 3ea249e861ef3350
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:d02cf72c4d21fc57b40441adac3e66c85657b537f282f4a76641c9632f4fe8a1
    paragraph_quote: (i) In general The notice required under subparagraph (A) shall be provided to the customer
      prior to, or no later than 30 days after, furnishing the negative information to a consumer reporting agency
      described in section 1681a(p) of this title . (ii) Coordination with new account disclosures If the notice
      is provided to the customer prior to furnishing the negative information to a consumer reporting agency, the
      notice may not be included in the initial disclosures provided under section 1637(a) of this title . (C) Coordination
      with other disclosures The notice required under subparagraph (A)—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2 subsection (i) from Cornell LII snapshot 3ea249e861ef3350;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2(i)
  description: 'Responsibilities of furnishers of information to consumer reporting agencies — (i): (i) may be included
    on or with any notice of default, any billing statement, or any other materials provided to the customer ; and
    (ii) must be clear and conspicuous. (D) Model disclosure'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C.) § 1681s-2
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681s-2
    snapshot_id: 3ea249e861ef3350
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:d02cf72c4d21fc57b40441adac3e66c85657b537f282f4a76641c9632f4fe8a1
    paragraph_quote: (i) may be included on or with any notice of default, any billing statement, or any other materials
      provided to the customer ; and (ii) must be clear and conspicuous. (D) Model disclosure
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2 subsection (i) from Cornell LII snapshot 3ea249e861ef3350;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2(i)
  description: 'Responsibilities of furnishers of information to consumer reporting agencies — (i): (i) Duty of
    Bureau The Bureau shall prescribe a brief model disclosure that a financial institution may use to comply with
    subparagraph (A), which shall not exceed 30 words. (ii) Use of model not required No provision of this paragraph
    may be construed to require a financial institution to use any s…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C.) § 1681s-2
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681s-2
    snapshot_id: 3ea249e861ef3350
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:d02cf72c4d21fc57b40441adac3e66c85657b537f282f4a76641c9632f4fe8a1
    paragraph_quote: '(i) Duty of Bureau The Bureau shall prescribe a brief model disclosure that a financial institution
      may use to comply with subparagraph (A), which shall not exceed 30 words. (ii) Use of model not required No
      provision of this paragraph may be construed to require a financial institution to use any such model form
      prescribed by the Bureau. (iii) Compliance using model A financial institution shall be deemed to be in compliance
      with subparagraph (A) if the financial institution uses any model form prescribed by the Bureau under this
      subparagraph, or the financial institution uses any such model form and rearranges its format. (E) Use of
      notice without submitting negative information No provision of this paragraph shall be construed as requiring
      a financial institution that has provided a customer with a notice described in subparagraph (A) to furnish
      negative information about the customer to a consumer reporting agency. (F) Safe harbor A financial institution
      shall not be liable for failure to perform the duties required by this paragraph if, at the time of the failure,
      the financial institution maintained reasonable policies and procedures to comply with this paragraph or the
      financial institution reasonably believed that the institution is prohibited, by law, from contacting the
      consumer. (G) Definitions For purposes of this paragraph, the following definitions shall apply:'
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2 subsection (i) from Cornell LII snapshot 3ea249e861ef3350;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2(i)
  description: 'Responsibilities of furnishers of information to consumer reporting agencies — (i): (i) Negative
    information The term “ negative information ” means information concerning a customer’ s delinquencies, late
    payments, insolvency, or any form of default. (ii) Customer; financial institution The terms “ customer ” and
    “ financial institution ” have the same meanings as in section 6809 …'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C.) § 1681s-2
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681s-2
    snapshot_id: 3ea249e861ef3350
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:d02cf72c4d21fc57b40441adac3e66c85657b537f282f4a76641c9632f4fe8a1
    paragraph_quote: (i) Negative information The term “ negative information ” means information concerning a customer’
      s delinquencies, late payments, insolvency, or any form of default. (ii) Customer; financial institution The
      terms “ customer ” and “ financial institution ” have the same meanings as in section 6809 of this title .
      (8) Ability of consumer to dispute information directly with furnisher (A) In general The Bureau , in consultation
      with the Federal Trade Commission , the Federal banking agencies, and the National Credit Union Administration
      , shall prescribe regulations that shall identify the circumstances under which a furnisher shall be required
      to reinvestigate a dispute concerning the accuracy of information contained in a consumer report on the consumer,
      based on a direct request of a consumer. (B) Considerations In prescribing regulations under subparagraph
      (A), the agencies shall weigh—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2 subsection (i) from Cornell LII snapshot 3ea249e861ef3350;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2(i)
  description: 'Responsibilities of furnishers of information to consumer reporting agencies — (i): (i) the benefits
    to consumers with the costs on furnishers and the credit reporting system; (ii) the impact on the overall accuracy
    and integrity of consumer reports of any such requirements; (iii) whether direct contact by the consumer with
    the furnisher would likely result in the most expeditious …'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C.) § 1681s-2
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681s-2
    snapshot_id: 3ea249e861ef3350
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:d02cf72c4d21fc57b40441adac3e66c85657b537f282f4a76641c9632f4fe8a1
    paragraph_quote: (i) the benefits to consumers with the costs on furnishers and the credit reporting system;
      (ii) the impact on the overall accuracy and integrity of consumer reports of any such requirements; (iii)
      whether direct contact by the consumer with the furnisher would likely result in the most expeditious resolution
      of any such dispute; and (iv) the potential impact on the credit reporting process if credit repair organizations,
      as defined in section 1679a(3) of this title , including entities that would be a credit repair organization,
      but for section 1679a(3)(B)(i) of this title , are able to circumvent the prohibition in subparagraph (G).
      (C) Applicability Subparagraphs (D) through (G) shall apply in any circumstance identified under the regulations
      promulgated under subparagraph (A). (D) Submitting a notice of dispute A consumer who seeks to dispute the
      accuracy of information shall provide a dispute notice directly to such person at the address specified by
      the person for such notices that—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2 subsection (i) from Cornell LII snapshot 3ea249e861ef3350;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2(i)
  description: 'Responsibilities of furnishers of information to consumer reporting agencies — (i): (i) identifies
    the specific information that is being disputed; (ii) explains the basis for the dispute; and (iii) includes
    all supporting documentation required by the furnisher to substantiate the basis of the dispute. (E) Duty of
    person after receiving notice of dispute After receiving a notice o…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C.) § 1681s-2
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681s-2
    snapshot_id: 3ea249e861ef3350
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:d02cf72c4d21fc57b40441adac3e66c85657b537f282f4a76641c9632f4fe8a1
    paragraph_quote: (i) identifies the specific information that is being disputed; (ii) explains the basis for
      the dispute; and (iii) includes all supporting documentation required by the furnisher to substantiate the
      basis of the dispute. (E) Duty of person after receiving notice of dispute After receiving a notice of dispute
      from a consumer pursuant to subparagraph (D), the person that provided the information in dispute to a consumer
      reporting agency shall—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2 subsection (i) from Cornell LII snapshot 3ea249e861ef3350;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2(i)
  description: 'Responsibilities of furnishers of information to consumer reporting agencies — (i): (i) conduct
    an investigation with respect to the disputed information; (ii) review all relevant information provided by
    the consumer with the notice; (iii) complete such person ’s investigation of the dispute and report the results
    of the investigation to the consumer before the expiration of the pe…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C.) § 1681s-2
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681s-2
    snapshot_id: 3ea249e861ef3350
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:d02cf72c4d21fc57b40441adac3e66c85657b537f282f4a76641c9632f4fe8a1
    paragraph_quote: (i) conduct an investigation with respect to the disputed information; (ii) review all relevant
      information provided by the consumer with the notice; (iii) complete such person ’s investigation of the dispute
      and report the results of the investigation to the consumer before the expiration of the period under section
      1681i(a)(1) of this title within which a consumer reporting agency would be required to complete its action
      if the consumer had elected to dispute the information under that section; and (iv) if the investigation finds
      that the information reported was inaccurate, promptly notify each consumer reporting agency to which the
      person furnished the inaccurate information of that determination and provide to the agency any correction
      to that information that is necessary to make the information provided by the person accurate. (F) Frivolous
      or irrelevant dispute
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2 subsection (i) from Cornell LII snapshot 3ea249e861ef3350;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2(i)
  description: 'Responsibilities of furnishers of information to consumer reporting agencies — (i): (i) In general
    This paragraph shall not apply if the person receiving a notice of a dispute from a consumer reasonably determines
    that the dispute is frivolous or irrelevant, including— (I) by reason of the failure of a consumer to provide
    sufficient information to investigate the disputed informati…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C.) § 1681s-2
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681s-2
    snapshot_id: 3ea249e861ef3350
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:d02cf72c4d21fc57b40441adac3e66c85657b537f282f4a76641c9632f4fe8a1
    paragraph_quote: (i) In general This paragraph shall not apply if the person receiving a notice of a dispute
      from a consumer reasonably determines that the dispute is frivolous or irrelevant, including— (I) by reason
      of the failure of a consumer to provide sufficient information to investigate the disputed information; or
      (II) the submission by a consumer of a dispute that is substantially the same as a dispute previously submitted
      by or for the consumer , either directly to the person or through a consumer reporting agency under subsection
      (b), with respect to which the person has already performed the person’ s duties under this paragraph or subsection
      (b), as applicable. (ii) Notice of determination Upon making any determination under clause (i) that a dispute
      is frivolous or irrelevant, the person shall notify the consumer of such determination not later than 5 business
      days after making such determination, by mail or, if authorized by the consumer for that purpose, by any other
      means available to the person. (iii) Contents of notice A notice under clause (ii) shall include— (I) the
      reasons for the determination under clause (i); and (II) identification of any information required to investigate
      the disputed information, which may consist of a standardized form describing the general nature of such information.
      (G) Exclusion of credit repair organizations This paragraph shall not apply if the notice of the dispute is
      submitted by, is prepared on behalf of the consumer by, or is submitted on a form supplied to the consumer
      by, a credit repair organization, as defined in section 1679a(3) of this title , or an entity that would be
      a credit repair organization, but for section 1679a(3)(B)(i) of this title . (9) Duty to provide notice of
      status as medical information furnisher A person whose primary business is providing medical services, products,
      or devices, or the person ’s agent or assignee, who furnishes information to a consumer reporting agency on
      a consumer shall be considered a medical information furnisher for purposes of this subchapter, and shall
      notify the agency of such status.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2 subsection (i) from Cornell LII snapshot 3ea249e861ef3350;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-b
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-b
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2(b)
  description: 'Responsibilities of furnishers of information to consumer reporting agencies — (b): (b) Duties of
    furnishers of information upon notice of dispute (1) In general After receiving notice pursuant to section 1681i(a)(2)
    of this title of a dispute with regard to the completeness or accuracy of any information provided by a person
    to a consumer reporting agency, the person shall— (A) co…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C.) § 1681s-2
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681s-2
    snapshot_id: 3ea249e861ef3350
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:d02cf72c4d21fc57b40441adac3e66c85657b537f282f4a76641c9632f4fe8a1
    paragraph_quote: (b) Duties of furnishers of information upon notice of dispute (1) In general After receiving
      notice pursuant to section 1681i(a)(2) of this title of a dispute with regard to the completeness or accuracy
      of any information provided by a person to a consumer reporting agency, the person shall— (A) conduct an investigation
      with respect to the disputed information; (B) review all relevant information provided by the consumer reporting
      agency pursuant to section 1681i(a)(2) of this title ; (C) report the results of the investigation to the
      consumer reporting agency ; (D) if the investigation finds that the information is incomplete or inaccurate,
      report those results to all other consumer reporting agencies to which the person furnished the information
      and that compile and maintain files on consumers on a nationwide basis; and (E) if an item of information
      disputed by a consumer is found to be inaccurate or incomplete or cannot be verified after any reinvestigation
      under paragraph (1), for purposes of reporting to a consumer reporting agency only, as appropriate, based
      on the results of the reinvestigation promptly—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2 subsection (b) from Cornell LII snapshot 3ea249e861ef3350;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2(i)
  description: 'Responsibilities of furnishers of information to consumer reporting agencies — (i): (i) modify that
    item of information; (ii) delete that item of information; or (iii) permanently block the reporting of that
    item of information. (2) Deadline A person shall complete all investigations, reviews, and reports required
    under paragraph (1) regarding information provided by the person to …'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C.) § 1681s-2
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681s-2
    snapshot_id: 3ea249e861ef3350
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:d02cf72c4d21fc57b40441adac3e66c85657b537f282f4a76641c9632f4fe8a1
    paragraph_quote: (i) modify that item of information; (ii) delete that item of information; or (iii) permanently
      block the reporting of that item of information. (2) Deadline A person shall complete all investigations,
      reviews, and reports required under paragraph (1) regarding information provided by the person to a consumer
      reporting agency , before the expiration of the period under section 1681i(a)(1) of this title within which
      the consumer reporting agency is required to complete actions required by that section regarding that information.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2 subsection (i) from Cornell LII snapshot 3ea249e861ef3350;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-c
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-c
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2(c)
  description: 'Responsibilities of furnishers of information to consumer reporting agencies — (c): (c) Limitation
    on liability Except as provided in section 1681s(c)(1)(B) of this title , sections 1681n and 1681 o of this
    title do not apply to any violation of— (1) subsection (a) of this section, including any regulations issued
    thereunder; (2) subsection (e) of this section, except that nothing …'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C.) § 1681s-2
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681s-2
    snapshot_id: 3ea249e861ef3350
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:d02cf72c4d21fc57b40441adac3e66c85657b537f282f4a76641c9632f4fe8a1
    paragraph_quote: (c) Limitation on liability Except as provided in section 1681s(c)(1)(B) of this title , sections
      1681n and 1681 o of this title do not apply to any violation of— (1) subsection (a) of this section, including
      any regulations issued thereunder; (2) subsection (e) of this section, except that nothing in this paragraph
      shall limit, expand, or otherwise affect liability under section 1681n or 1681o of this title, as applicable,
      for violations of subsection (b) of this section; or (3) subsection (e) of section 1681m of this title .
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2 subsection (c) from Cornell LII snapshot 3ea249e861ef3350;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-d
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-d
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2(d)
  description: 'Responsibilities of furnishers of information to consumer reporting agencies — (d): (d) Limitation
    on enforcement The provisions of law described in paragraphs (1) through (3) of subsection (c) (other than with
    respect to the exception described in paragraph (2) of subsection (c)) shall be enforced exclusively as provided
    under section 1681s of this title by the Federal agencies an…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C.) § 1681s-2
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681s-2
    snapshot_id: 3ea249e861ef3350
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:d02cf72c4d21fc57b40441adac3e66c85657b537f282f4a76641c9632f4fe8a1
    paragraph_quote: (d) Limitation on enforcement The provisions of law described in paragraphs (1) through (3)
      of subsection (c) (other than with respect to the exception described in paragraph (2) of subsection (c))
      shall be enforced exclusively as provided under section 1681s of this title by the Federal agencies and officials
      and the State officials identified in section 1681s of this title .
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2 subsection (d) from Cornell LII snapshot 3ea249e861ef3350;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-e
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681s-2-e
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2(e)
  description: 'Responsibilities of furnishers of information to consumer reporting agencies — (e): (e) Accuracy
    guidelines and regulations required (1) Guidelines The Bureau shall, with respect to persons or entities that
    are subject to the enforcement authority of the Bureau under section 1681s of this title — (A) establish and
    maintain guidelines for use by each person that furnishes informatio…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C.) § 1681s-2
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681s-2
    snapshot_id: 3ea249e861ef3350
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:d02cf72c4d21fc57b40441adac3e66c85657b537f282f4a76641c9632f4fe8a1
    paragraph_quote: (e) Accuracy guidelines and regulations required (1) Guidelines The Bureau shall, with respect
      to persons or entities that are subject to the enforcement authority of the Bureau under section 1681s of
      this title — (A) establish and maintain guidelines for use by each person that furnishes information to a
      consumer reporting agency regarding the accuracy and integrity of the information relating to consumers that
      such entities furnish to consumer reporting agencies, and update such guidelines as often as necessary; and
      (B) prescribe regulations requiring each person that furnishes information to a consumer reporting agency
      to establish reasonable policies and procedures for implementing the guidelines established pursuant to subparagraph
      (A). (2) Criteria In developing the guidelines required by paragraph (1)(A), the Bureau shall— (A) identify
      patterns, practices, and specific forms of activity that can compromise the accuracy and integrity of information
      furnished to consumer reporting agencies; (B) review the methods (including technological means) used to furnish
      information relating to consumers to consumer reporting agencies; (C) determine whether persons that furnish
      information to consumer reporting agencies maintain and enforce policies to ensure the accuracy and integrity
      of information furnished to consumer reporting agencies; and (D) examine the policies and processes that persons
      that furnish information to consumer reporting agencies employ to conduct reinvestigations and correct inaccurate
      information relating to consumers that has been furnished to consumer reporting agencies. ( Pub. L. 90–321,
      title VI, § 623 , as added Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title II, § 2413(a)(2) , Sept. 30, 1996 , 110 Stat. 3009–447
      ; amended Pub. L. 108–159, title I, § 154(a) , title II, § 217(a), title III, §§ 312(a)–(e)(1), 314(b), title
      IV, § 412(a), Dec. 4, 2003 , 117 Stat. 1966 , 1986, 1989–1993, 1995, 2002; Pub. L. 111–203, title X, § 1088(a)(2)(D)
      , (11), July 21, 2010 , 124 Stat. 2087 , 2090; Pub. L. 115–174, title VI, § 602(a) , May 24, 2018 , 132 Stat.
      1366 ; Pub. L. 116–136, div. A, title IV, § 4021 , Mar. 27, 2020 , 134 Stat. 489 .)
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 15 U.S.C. §1681s-2 subsection (e) from Cornell LII snapshot 3ea249e861ef3350;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
