source:
  type: regulation
  id: bsa-31usc-5321
  authority: Bank Secrecy Act (31 U.S.C.) § 5321 — Civil penalties
  description: 'Bank Secrecy Act (31 U.S.C.), §5321 Civil penalties. Captured section-complete from Cornell LII
    (verbatim).

    '
obligations:
- id: bsa-31usc-5321-a
  canonical_id: bsa-31usc-5321-a
  section: 31 U.S.C. §5321(a)
  description: 'Civil penalties — (a): (a) (1) A domestic financial institution or nonfinancial trade or business
    , and a partner, director, officer, or employee of a domestic financial institution or nonfinancial trade or
    business , willfully violating this subchapter or a regulation prescribed or order issued under this subchapter
    (exc…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: Bank Secrecy Act (31 U.S.C.) § 5321
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/31/5321
    snapshot_id: 9c2595de0e23aedb
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:da23ce1591151fb21ca25c7a67c0e499c01e1e29136bc0e2e72741b6f33ee288
    paragraph_quote: (a) (1) A domestic financial institution or nonfinancial trade or business , and a partner,
      director, officer, or employee of a domestic financial institution or nonfinancial trade or business , willfully
      violating this subchapter or a regulation prescribed or order issued under this subchapter (except sections
      5314 , 5315 , and 5336 of this title or a regulation prescribed under sections 5314, 5315, and 5336), or willfully
      violating a regulation prescribed under section 21 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act or section 123 of
      Public Law 91–508 , is liable to the United States Government for a civil penalty of not more than the greater
      of the amount (not to exceed $100,000) involved in the transaction (if any) or $25,000. For a violation of
      section 5318(a)(2) of this title or a regulation prescribed under section 5318(a)(2), a separate violation
      occurs for each day the violation continues and at each office, branch, or place of business at which a violation
      occurs or continues. (2) The Secretary of the Treasury may impose an additional civil penalty on a person
      not filing a report, or filing a report containing a material omission or misstatement, under section 5316
      of this title or a regulation prescribed under section 5316. A civil penalty under this paragraph may not
      be more than the amount of the monetary instrument for which the report was required. A civil penalty under
      this paragraph is reduced by an amount forfeited under section 5317(b) of this title . (3) A person not filing
      a report under a regulation prescribed under section 5315 of this title or not complying with an injunction
      under section 5320 of this title enjoining a violation of, or enforcing compliance with, section 5315 or a
      regulation prescribed under section 5315, is liable to the Government for a civil penalty of not more than
      $10,000. (4) Structured Transaction Violation.— (A) Penalty authorized.— The Secretary of the Treasury may
      impose a civil money penalty on any person who violates any provision of section 5324. (B) Maximum amount
      limitation.— The amount of any civil money penalty imposed under subparagraph (A) shall not exceed the amount
      of the coins and currency (or such other monetary instruments as the Secretary may prescribe) involved in
      the transaction with respect to which such penalty is imposed. (C) Coordination with forfeiture provision.—
      The amount of any civil money penalty imposed by the Secretary under subparagraph (A) shall be reduced by
      the amount of any forfeiture to the United States in connection with the transaction with respect to which
      such penalty is imposed. (5) Foreign financial agency transaction violation.— (A) Penalty authorized.— The
      Secretary of the Treasury may impose a civil money penalty on any person who violates, or causes any violation
      of, any provision of section 5314. (B) Amount of penalty.—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 31 U.S.C. §5321 subsection (a) from Cornell LII snapshot 9c2595de0e23aedb;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bsa-31usc-5321-i
  canonical_id: bsa-31usc-5321-i
  section: 31 U.S.C. §5321(i)
  description: 'Civil penalties — (i): (i) In general.— Except as provided in subparagraph (C), the amount of any
    civil penalty imposed under subparagraph (A) shall not exceed $10,000. (ii) Reasonable cause exception.— No
    penalty shall be imposed under subparagraph (A) with respect to any violation if— (I) such violation was due
    to reaso…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: Bank Secrecy Act (31 U.S.C.) § 5321
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/31/5321
    snapshot_id: 9c2595de0e23aedb
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:da23ce1591151fb21ca25c7a67c0e499c01e1e29136bc0e2e72741b6f33ee288
    paragraph_quote: (i) In general.— Except as provided in subparagraph (C), the amount of any civil penalty imposed
      under subparagraph (A) shall not exceed $10,000. (ii) Reasonable cause exception.— No penalty shall be imposed
      under subparagraph (A) with respect to any violation if— (I) such violation was due to reasonable cause, and
      (II) the amount of the transaction or the balance in the account at the time of the transaction was properly
      reported. (C) Willful violations.— In the case of any person willfully violating, or willfully causing any
      violation of, any provision of section 5314 —
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 31 U.S.C. §5321 subsection (i) from Cornell LII snapshot 9c2595de0e23aedb;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bsa-31usc-5321-i
  canonical_id: bsa-31usc-5321-i
  section: 31 U.S.C. §5321(i)
  description: 'Civil penalties — (i): (i) the maximum penalty under subparagraph (B)(i) shall be increased to the
    greater of— (I) $100,000, or (II) 50 percent of the amount determined under subparagraph (D), and (ii) subparagraph
    (B)(ii) shall not apply. (D) Amount.— The amount determined under this subparagraph is—'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: Bank Secrecy Act (31 U.S.C.) § 5321
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/31/5321
    snapshot_id: 9c2595de0e23aedb
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:da23ce1591151fb21ca25c7a67c0e499c01e1e29136bc0e2e72741b6f33ee288
    paragraph_quote: (i) the maximum penalty under subparagraph (B)(i) shall be increased to the greater of— (I)
      $100,000, or (II) 50 percent of the amount determined under subparagraph (D), and (ii) subparagraph (B)(ii)
      shall not apply. (D) Amount.— The amount determined under this subparagraph is—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 31 U.S.C. §5321 subsection (i) from Cornell LII snapshot 9c2595de0e23aedb;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bsa-31usc-5321-i
  canonical_id: bsa-31usc-5321-i
  section: 31 U.S.C. §5321(i)
  description: 'Civil penalties — (i): (i) in the case of a violation involving a transaction, the amount of the
    transaction, or (ii) in the case of a violation involving a failure to report the existence of an account or
    any identifying information required to be provided with respect to an account, the balance in the account at
    the tim…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: Bank Secrecy Act (31 U.S.C.) § 5321
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/31/5321
    snapshot_id: 9c2595de0e23aedb
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:da23ce1591151fb21ca25c7a67c0e499c01e1e29136bc0e2e72741b6f33ee288
    paragraph_quote: (i) in the case of a violation involving a transaction, the amount of the transaction, or (ii)
      in the case of a violation involving a failure to report the existence of an account or any identifying information
      required to be provided with respect to an account, the balance in the account at the time of the violation.
      (6) Negligence.— (A) In general.— The Secretary of the Treasury may impose a civil money penalty of not more
      than $500 on any financial institution or nonfinancial trade or business which negligently violates any provision
      of this subchapter (except section 5336 ) or any regulation prescribed under this subchapter (except section
      5336). (B) Pattern of negligent activity.— If any financial institution or nonfinancial trade or business
      engages in a pattern of negligent violations of any provision of this subchapter (except section 5336) or
      any regulation prescribed under this subchapter (except section 5336), the Secretary of the Treasury may,
      in addition to any penalty imposed under subparagraph (A) with respect to any such violation, impose a civil
      money penalty of not more than $50,000 on the financial institution or nonfinancial trade or business . (7)
      Penalties for international counter money laundering violations.— The Secretary may impose a civil money penalty
      in an amount equal to not less than 2 times the amount of the transaction, but not more than $1,000,000, on
      any financial institution or agency that violates any provision of subsection (i) or (j) of section 5318 or
      any special measures imposed under section 5318A.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 31 U.S.C. §5321 subsection (i) from Cornell LII snapshot 9c2595de0e23aedb;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bsa-31usc-5321-b
  canonical_id: bsa-31usc-5321-b
  section: 31 U.S.C. §5321(b)
  description: 'Civil penalties — (b): (b) Time Limitations for Assessments and Commencement of Civil Actions.—
    (1) Assessments.— The Secretary of the Treasury may assess a civil penalty under subsection (a) at any time
    before the end of the 6-year period beginning on the date of the transaction with respect to which the penalty
    is asses…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: Bank Secrecy Act (31 U.S.C.) § 5321
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/31/5321
    snapshot_id: 9c2595de0e23aedb
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:da23ce1591151fb21ca25c7a67c0e499c01e1e29136bc0e2e72741b6f33ee288
    paragraph_quote: (b) Time Limitations for Assessments and Commencement of Civil Actions.— (1) Assessments.—
      The Secretary of the Treasury may assess a civil penalty under subsection (a) at any time before the end of
      the 6-year period beginning on the date of the transaction with respect to which the penalty is assessed.
      (2) Civil actions.— The Secretary may commence a civil action to recover a civil penalty assessed under subsection
      (a) at any time before the end of the 2-year period beginning on the later of— (A) the date the penalty was
      assessed; or (B) the date any judgment becomes final in any criminal action under section 5322 in connection
      with the same transaction with respect to which the penalty is assessed.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 31 U.S.C. §5321 subsection (b) from Cornell LII snapshot 9c2595de0e23aedb;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bsa-31usc-5321-c
  canonical_id: bsa-31usc-5321-c
  section: 31 U.S.C. §5321(c)
  description: 'Civil penalties — (c): (c) The Secretary may remit any part of a forfeiture under subsection (c)
    or (d) [1] of section 5317 of this title or civil penalty under subsection (a)(2) of this section.'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: Bank Secrecy Act (31 U.S.C.) § 5321
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/31/5321
    snapshot_id: 9c2595de0e23aedb
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:da23ce1591151fb21ca25c7a67c0e499c01e1e29136bc0e2e72741b6f33ee288
    paragraph_quote: (c) The Secretary may remit any part of a forfeiture under subsection (c) or (d) [1] of section
      5317 of this title or civil penalty under subsection (a)(2) of this section.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 31 U.S.C. §5321 subsection (c) from Cornell LII snapshot 9c2595de0e23aedb;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bsa-31usc-5321-d
  canonical_id: bsa-31usc-5321-d
  section: 31 U.S.C. §5321(d)
  description: 'Civil penalties — (d): (d) Criminal Penalty Not Exclusive of Civil Penalty.— A civil money penalty
    may be imposed under subsection (a) with respect to any violation of this subchapter notwithstanding the fact
    that a criminal penalty is imposed with respect to the same violation.'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: Bank Secrecy Act (31 U.S.C.) § 5321
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/31/5321
    snapshot_id: 9c2595de0e23aedb
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:da23ce1591151fb21ca25c7a67c0e499c01e1e29136bc0e2e72741b6f33ee288
    paragraph_quote: (d) Criminal Penalty Not Exclusive of Civil Penalty.— A civil money penalty may be imposed
      under subsection (a) with respect to any violation of this subchapter notwithstanding the fact that a criminal
      penalty is imposed with respect to the same violation.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 31 U.S.C. §5321 subsection (d) from Cornell LII snapshot 9c2595de0e23aedb;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bsa-31usc-5321-e
  canonical_id: bsa-31usc-5321-e
  section: 31 U.S.C. §5321(e)
  description: 'Civil penalties — (e): (e) Delegation of Assessment Authority to Banking Agencies.— (1) In general.—
    The Secretary of the Treasury shall delegate, in accordance with section 5318(a)(1) and subject to such terms
    and conditions as the Secretary may impose in accordance with paragraph (3), any authority of the Secretary
    to a…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: Bank Secrecy Act (31 U.S.C.) § 5321
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/31/5321
    snapshot_id: 9c2595de0e23aedb
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:da23ce1591151fb21ca25c7a67c0e499c01e1e29136bc0e2e72741b6f33ee288
    paragraph_quote: (e) Delegation of Assessment Authority to Banking Agencies.— (1) In general.— The Secretary
      of the Treasury shall delegate, in accordance with section 5318(a)(1) and subject to such terms and conditions
      as the Secretary may impose in accordance with paragraph (3), any authority of the Secretary to assess a civil
      money penalty under this section on depository institutions (as defined in section 3 of the Federal Deposit
      Insurance Act ) to the appropriate Federal banking agencies (as defined in such section 3). (2) Authority
      of agencies.— Subject to any term or condition imposed by the Secretary of the Treasury under paragraph (3),
      the provisions of this section shall apply to an appropriate Federal banking agency to which is delegated
      any authority of the Secretary under this section in the same manner such provisions apply to the Secretary.
      (3) Terms and conditions.— (A) In general.— The Secretary of the Treasury shall prescribe by regulation the
      terms and conditions which shall apply to any delegation under paragraph (1). (B) Maximum dollar amount.—
      The terms and conditions authorized under subparagraph (A) may include, in the Secretary’s sole discretion,
      a limitation on the amount of any civil penalty which may be assessed by an appropriate Federal banking agency
      pursuant to a delegation under paragraph (1).
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 31 U.S.C. §5321 subsection (e) from Cornell LII snapshot 9c2595de0e23aedb;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bsa-31usc-5321-f
  canonical_id: bsa-31usc-5321-f
  section: 31 U.S.C. §5321(f)
  description: 'Civil penalties — (f): (f) Additional Damages for Repeat Violators.— (1) In general.— In addition
    to any other fines permitted under this section and section 5322, with respect to a person who has previously
    violated a provision of (or rule issued under) this subchapter, section 21 of the Federal Deposit Insurance
    Act ( 1…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: Bank Secrecy Act (31 U.S.C.) § 5321
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/31/5321
    snapshot_id: 9c2595de0e23aedb
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:da23ce1591151fb21ca25c7a67c0e499c01e1e29136bc0e2e72741b6f33ee288
    paragraph_quote: (f) Additional Damages for Repeat Violators.— (1) In general.— In addition to any other fines
      permitted under this section and section 5322, with respect to a person who has previously violated a provision
      of (or rule issued under) this subchapter, section 21 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act ( 12 U.S.C. 1829b
      ), or section 123 of Public Law 91–508 ( 12 U.S.C. 1953 ), the Secretary of the Treasury, if practicable,
      may impose an additional civil penalty against such person for each additional such violation in an amount
      that is not more than the greater of— (A) if practicable to calculate, 3 times the profit gained or loss avoided
      by such person as a result of the violation; or (B) 2 times the maximum penalty with respect to the violation.
      (2) Application.— For purposes of determining whether a person has committed a previous violation under paragraph
      (1), the determination shall only include violations occurring after the date of enactment of the Anti-Money
      Laundering Act of 2020.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 31 U.S.C. §5321 subsection (f) from Cornell LII snapshot 9c2595de0e23aedb;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bsa-31usc-5321-g
  canonical_id: bsa-31usc-5321-g
  section: 31 U.S.C. §5321(g)
  description: 'Civil penalties — (g): (g) Certain Violators Barred From Serving on Boards of United States Financial
    Institutions.— (1) Definition.— In this subsection, the term “ egregious violation ” means, with respect to
    an individual— (A) a criminal violation—'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: Bank Secrecy Act (31 U.S.C.) § 5321
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/31/5321
    snapshot_id: 9c2595de0e23aedb
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:da23ce1591151fb21ca25c7a67c0e499c01e1e29136bc0e2e72741b6f33ee288
    paragraph_quote: (g) Certain Violators Barred From Serving on Boards of United States Financial Institutions.—
      (1) Definition.— In this subsection, the term “ egregious violation ” means, with respect to an individual—
      (A) a criminal violation—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 31 U.S.C. §5321 subsection (g) from Cornell LII snapshot 9c2595de0e23aedb;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bsa-31usc-5321-i
  canonical_id: bsa-31usc-5321-i
  section: 31 U.S.C. §5321(i)
  description: 'Civil penalties — (i): (i) for which the individual is convicted; and (ii) for which the maximum
    term of imprisonment is more than 1 year; and (B) a civil violation in which—'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: Bank Secrecy Act (31 U.S.C.) § 5321
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/31/5321
    snapshot_id: 9c2595de0e23aedb
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:da23ce1591151fb21ca25c7a67c0e499c01e1e29136bc0e2e72741b6f33ee288
    paragraph_quote: (i) for which the individual is convicted; and (ii) for which the maximum term of imprisonment
      is more than 1 year; and (B) a civil violation in which—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 31 U.S.C. §5321 subsection (i) from Cornell LII snapshot 9c2595de0e23aedb;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bsa-31usc-5321-i
  canonical_id: bsa-31usc-5321-i
  section: 31 U.S.C. §5321(i)
  description: 'Civil penalties — (i): (i) the individual willfully committed the violation; and (ii) the violation
    facilitated money laundering or the financing of terrorism. (2) Bar.— An individual found to have committed
    an egregious violation of the Bank Secrecy Act , as defined in section 6003 of the Anti-Money Laundering Act
    of 202…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: Bank Secrecy Act (31 U.S.C.) § 5321
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/31/5321
    snapshot_id: 9c2595de0e23aedb
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:da23ce1591151fb21ca25c7a67c0e499c01e1e29136bc0e2e72741b6f33ee288
    paragraph_quote: (i) the individual willfully committed the violation; and (ii) the violation facilitated money
      laundering or the financing of terrorism. (2) Bar.— An individual found to have committed an egregious violation
      of the Bank Secrecy Act , as defined in section 6003 of the Anti-Money Laundering Act of 2020, or any rules
      issued under the Bank Secrecy Act , shall be barred from serving on the board of directors of a United States
      financial institution during the 10-year period that begins on the date on which the conviction or judgment,
      as applicable, with respect to the egregious violation is entered. ( Pub. L. 97–258 , Sept. 13, 1982 , 96
      Stat. 999 ; Pub. L. 98–473, title II, § 901(a) , Oct. 12, 1984 , 98 Stat. 2135 ; Pub. L. 99–570, title I ,
      §§ 1356(c)(1), 1357(a)–(f), (h), Oct. 27, 1986 , 100 Stat. 3207–24 —3207–26; Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, §
      6185(g)(2) , Nov. 18, 1988 , 102 Stat. 4357 ; Pub. L. 102–550, title XV , §§ 1511(b), 1525(b), 1535(a)(2),
      1561(a), Oct. 28, 1992 , 106 Stat. 4057 , 4065, 4066, 4071; Pub. L. 103–322, title XXXIII, § 330017(a)(1)
      , Sept. 13, 1994 , 108 Stat. 2149 ; Pub. L. 103–325, title IV , §§ 406, 411(b), 413(a)(1), Sept. 23, 1994
      , 108 Stat. 2247 , 2253, 2254; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title II, § 2223(3) , Sept. 30, 1996 , 110 Stat. 3009–415
      ; Pub. L. 107–56, title III , §§ 353(a), 363(a), 365(c)(2)(B)(i), Oct. 26, 2001 , 115 Stat. 322 , 332, 335;
      Pub. L. 108–357, title VIII, § 821(a) , Oct. 22, 2004 , 118 Stat. 1586 ; Pub. L. 116–283, div. F, title LXIII
      , §§ 6309, 6310(a), title LXIV, § 6403(b)(1), Jan. 1, 2021 , 134 Stat. 4594 , 4595, 4623.) [1] So in original.
      Section 5317 does not contain a subsec. (d). Historical and Revision Notes Revised Section Source (U.S. Code)
      Source (Statutes at Large) 5321(a)(1) 31:1054(b)(last sentence related to civil penalties). Oct. 26, 1970
      , Pub. L. 91–508 , §§ 205(b)(last sentence related to civil penalties), 207, 233, 234, 84 Stat. 1120 , 1123.
      31:1056(a). 5321(a)(2) 31:1103. 5321(a)(3) 31:1143(a), (b)(words after last comma). Sept. 21, 1973 , Pub.
      L. 93–110, § 203(a) , (b)(words after last comma), 87 Stat. 353 . 5321(b) 31:1056(b). 5321(c) 31:1104. In
      subsection (a)(1), the words “or a regulation prescribed under this subchapter” are added because of the restatement.
      The words “(except section 5315 of this title or a regulation prescribed under section 5315)” are added because
      31:1141–1143 was not enacted as a part of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act that is restated
      in this subchapter. The words “is liable to the United States Government for” are substituted for “the Secretary
      may assess upon” in 31:1056(a) for consistency in the revised title and with other titles of the United States
      Code. The words “the purposes of both civil and criminal penalties for” in 31:1054(b)(last sentence)(related
      to civil penalties) are omitted, and the words “or a regulation prescribed under section 5318(2)” are added,
      because of the restatement. The words “the violation continues” are added for consistency in the revised title
      and with other titles of the Code. The word “separate” before “office” is omitted as surplus. In subsection
      (a)(2), the word “impose” is substituted for “assess” for consistency in the revised title and with other
      titles of the Code. The word “additional” is substituted for 31:1103 (last sentence words before last comma)
      to eliminate unnecessary words. The words “or a regulation prescribed under section 5316” are added because
      of the restatement. The words “amount of this”, “to be filed”, and “actually” are omitted as surplus. Subsection
      (a)(3) is substituted for 31:1143(a) and (b)(words after last comma) for clarity and consistency and because
      of the restatement. In subsection (b), the words “in the discretion of”, “in the name of the United States
      ”, and “of any person” are omitted as surplus. In subsection (c), the words “in his discretion” and “upon
      such terms and conditions as he deems reasonable and just” are omitted as surplus. The word “civil” is added
      for clarity.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 31 U.S.C. §5321 subsection (i) from Cornell LII snapshot 9c2595de0e23aedb;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
