source:
  type: regulation
  id: flood-42usc-4104
  authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4104 — Flood elevation determinations
  description: 'National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.), §4104 Flood elevation determinations. Captured section-complete
    from Cornell LII (verbatim).

    '
obligations:
- id: flood-42usc-4104-a
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4104-a
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4104(a)
  description: 'Flood elevation determinations — (a): (a) Publication or notification of proposed flood elevation
    determinations In establishing projected flood elevations and designating areas having special flood hazards
    for land use purposes with respect to any community pursuant to section 4102 of this title , the Administrator
    shall first propose …'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4104
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4104
    snapshot_id: 553cb8d267b04953
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:63d26ad88269b714937a25fc38ee0013ea7bd192ca59e62ef1dd22a9a7fd37a9
    paragraph_quote: (a) Publication or notification of proposed flood elevation determinations In establishing
      projected flood elevations and designating areas having special flood hazards for land use purposes with respect
      to any community pursuant to section 4102 of this title , the Administrator shall first propose such determinations
      and designations by publication for comment in the Federal Register, by direct notification to the chief executive
      officer of the community, and by publication in a prominent local newspaper.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4104 subsection (a) from Cornell LII snapshot 553cb8d267b04953;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4104-b
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4104-b
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4104(b)
  description: 'Flood elevation determinations — (b): (b) Publication of flood elevation determinations; appeal
    of owner or lessee to local government; scientific or technical knowledge or information as basis for appeal;
    modification of proposed determinations The Administrator shall publish notification of flood elevation determinations
    and designati…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4104
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4104
    snapshot_id: 553cb8d267b04953
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:63d26ad88269b714937a25fc38ee0013ea7bd192ca59e62ef1dd22a9a7fd37a9
    paragraph_quote: (b) Publication of flood elevation determinations; appeal of owner or lessee to local government;
      scientific or technical knowledge or information as basis for appeal; modification of proposed determinations
      The Administrator shall publish notification of flood elevation determinations and designations of areas having
      special flood hazards in a prominent local newspaper at least twice during the ten-day period following notification
      to the local government. During the ninety-day period following the second publication, any owner or lessee
      of real property within the community who believes his property rights to be adversely affected by the Administrator
      ’s proposed determination may appeal such determination to the local government. The sole grounds for appeal
      shall be the possession of knowledge or information indicating that (1) the elevations being proposed by the
      Administrator with respect to an identified area having special flood hazards are scientifically or technically
      incorrect, or (2) the designation of an identified special flood hazard area is scientifically or technically
      incorrect.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4104 subsection (b) from Cornell LII snapshot 553cb8d267b04953;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4104-c
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4104-c
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4104(c)
  description: 'Flood elevation determinations — (c): (c) Appeals by private persons; submission of negativing or
    contradicting data to community; opinion of community respecting justification for appeal by community; transmission
    of individual appeals to Administrator; filing of community action with Administrator Appeals by private persons
    shall be m…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4104
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4104
    snapshot_id: 553cb8d267b04953
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:63d26ad88269b714937a25fc38ee0013ea7bd192ca59e62ef1dd22a9a7fd37a9
    paragraph_quote: (c) Appeals by private persons; submission of negativing or contradicting data to community;
      opinion of community respecting justification for appeal by community; transmission of individual appeals
      to Administrator; filing of community action with Administrator Appeals by private persons shall be made to
      the chief executive officer of the community , or to such agency as he shall publicly designate, and shall
      set forth the data that tend to negate or contradict the Administrator ’s finding in such form as the chief
      executive officer may specify. The community shall review and consolidate all such appeals and issue a written
      opinion stating whether the evidence presented is sufficient to justify an appeal on behalf of such persons
      by the community in its own name. Whether or not the community decides to appeal the Administrator ’s determination,
      copies of individual appeals shall be sent to the Administrator as they are received by the community, and
      the community’ s appeal or a copy of its decision not to appeal shall be filed with the Administrator not
      later than ninety days after the date of the second newspaper publication of the Administrator ’s notification.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4104 subsection (c) from Cornell LII snapshot 553cb8d267b04953;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4104-d
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4104-d
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4104(d)
  description: 'Flood elevation determinations — (d): (d) Administrative review of appeals by private persons; modification
    of proposed determinations; decision of Administrator: form and distribution In the event the Administrator
    does not receive an appeal from the community within the ninety days provided, he shall consolidate and review
    on their ow…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4104
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4104
    snapshot_id: 553cb8d267b04953
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:63d26ad88269b714937a25fc38ee0013ea7bd192ca59e62ef1dd22a9a7fd37a9
    paragraph_quote: '(d) Administrative review of appeals by private persons; modification of proposed determinations;
      decision of Administrator: form and distribution In the event the Administrator does not receive an appeal
      from the community within the ninety days provided, he shall consolidate and review on their own merits, in
      accordance with the procedures set forth in subsection (e), the appeals filed within the community by private
      persons and shall make such modifications of his proposed determinations as may be appropriate, taking into
      account the written opinion, if any, issued by the community in not supporting such appeals. The Administrator
      ’s decision shall be in written form, and copies thereof shall be sent both to the chief executive officer
      of the community and to each individual appellant.'
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4104 subsection (d) from Cornell LII snapshot 553cb8d267b04953;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4104-e
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4104-e
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4104(e)
  description: 'Flood elevation determinations — (e): (e) Administrative review of appeals by community; agencies
    for resolution of conflicting data; availability of flood insurance pending such resolution; time for determination
    of Administrator; community adoption of local land use and control measures within reasonable time of final
    determination; p…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4104
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4104
    snapshot_id: 553cb8d267b04953
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:63d26ad88269b714937a25fc38ee0013ea7bd192ca59e62ef1dd22a9a7fd37a9
    paragraph_quote: (e) Administrative review of appeals by community; agencies for resolution of conflicting data;
      availability of flood insurance pending such resolution; time for determination of Administrator; community
      adoption of local land use and control measures within reasonable time of final determination; public inspection
      and admissibility in evidence of reports and other administrative information Upon appeal by any community
      , as provided by this section, the Administrator shall review and take fully into account any technical or
      scientific data submitted by the community that tend to negate or contradict the information upon which his
      proposed determination is based. The Administrator shall resolve such appeal by consultation with officials
      of the local government involved, by administrative hearing, or by submission of the conflicting data to the
      Scientific Resolution Panel provided for in section 4104–1 of this title . Until the conflict in data is resolved,
      and the Administrator makes a final determination on the basis of his findings in the Federal Register, and
      so notifies the governing body of the community, flood insurance previously available within the community
      shall continue to be available, and no person shall be denied the right to purchase such insurance at chargeable
      rates. The Administrator shall make his determination within a reasonable time. The community shall be given
      a reasonable time after the Administrator’ s final determination in which to adopt local land use and control
      measures consistent with the Administrator’ s determination. The reports and other information used by the
      Administrator in making his final determination shall be made available for public inspection and shall be
      admissible in a court of law in the event the community seeks judicial review as provided by this section.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4104 subsection (e) from Cornell LII snapshot 553cb8d267b04953;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4104-f
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4104-f
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4104(f)
  description: 'Flood elevation determinations — (f): (f) Reimbursement of certain expenses When, incident to any
    appeal under subsection (b) or (c) of this section, the owner or lessee of real property or the community ,
    as the case may be, or, in the case of an appeal that is resolved by submission of conflicting data to the Scientific
    Resolution Pan…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4104
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4104
    snapshot_id: 553cb8d267b04953
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:63d26ad88269b714937a25fc38ee0013ea7bd192ca59e62ef1dd22a9a7fd37a9
    paragraph_quote: (f) Reimbursement of certain expenses When, incident to any appeal under subsection (b) or
      (c) of this section, the owner or lessee of real property or the community , as the case may be, or, in the
      case of an appeal that is resolved by submission of conflicting data to the Scientific Resolution Panel provided
      for in section 4104–1 of this title , the community, incurs expense in connection with the services of surveyors,
      engineers, or similar services, but not including legal services, in the effecting of an appeal based on a
      scientific or technical error on the part of the Federal Emergency Management Agency , which is successful
      in whole or part, the Administrator shall reimburse such individual or community to an extent measured by
      the ratio of the successful portion of the appeal as compared to the entire appeal and applying such ratio
      to the reasonable value of all such services, but no reimbursement shall be made by the Administrator in respect
      to any fee or expense payment, the payment of which was agreed to be contingent upon the result of the appeal.
      The Administrator may use such amounts from the National Flood Insurance Fund established under section 4017
      of this title as may be necessary to carry out this subsection. The Administrator shall promulgate regulations
      to carry out this subsection.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4104 subsection (f) from Cornell LII snapshot 553cb8d267b04953;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4104-g
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4104-g
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4104(g)
  description: 'Flood elevation determinations — (g): (g) Judicial review of final administrative determinations;
    venue; time for appeal; scope of review; good cause for stay of final determinations Except as provided in section
    4104–1 of this title , any appellant aggrieved by any final determination of the Administrator upon administrative
    appeal, as…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4104
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4104
    snapshot_id: 553cb8d267b04953
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:63d26ad88269b714937a25fc38ee0013ea7bd192ca59e62ef1dd22a9a7fd37a9
    paragraph_quote: (g) Judicial review of final administrative determinations; venue; time for appeal; scope of
      review; good cause for stay of final determinations Except as provided in section 4104–1 of this title , any
      appellant aggrieved by any final determination of the Administrator upon administrative appeal, as provided
      by this section, may appeal such determination to the United States district court for the district within
      which the community is located not more than sixty days after receipt of notice of such determination. The
      scope of review by the court shall be as provided by chapter 7 of title 5. During the pendency of any such
      litigation, all final determinations of the Administrator shall be effective for the purposes of this chapter
      unless stayed by the court for good cause shown. ( Pub. L. 90–448, title XIII, § 1363 , as added Pub. L. 93–234,
      title I, § 110 , Dec. 31, 1973 , 87 Stat. 980 ; amended Pub. L. 95–128, title VII, § 704(c) , Oct. 12, 1977
      , 91 Stat. 1146 ; Pub. L. 98–181, title I [title IV, § 451(d)(1)], Nov. 30, 1983 , 97 Stat. 1229 ; Pub. L.
      112–141, div. F, title II , §§ 100217, 100218(b), 100238(b)(1), (2), 100246, July 6, 2012 , 126 Stat. 930
      , 932, 958, 967; Pub. L. 113–89, § 18(a) , Mar. 21, 2014 , 128 Stat. 1027 .)
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4104 subsection (g) from Cornell LII snapshot 553cb8d267b04953;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
