source:
  type: regulation
  id: fcra-15usc-1681n
  authority: FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C.) § 1681n — Civil liability for willful noncompliance
  description: 'FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C.), §1681n Civil liability for willful noncompliance. Captured
    section-complete from Cornell LII (verbatim).

    '
obligations:
- id: fcra-15usc-1681n-a
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681n-a
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681n(a)
  description: 'Civil liability for willful noncompliance — (a): (a) In general Any person who willfully fails to
    comply with any requirement imposed under this subchapter with respect to any consumer is liable to that consumer
    in an amount equal to the sum of— (1) (A) any actual damages sustained by the consumer as a result of the failure
    or damages of not less …'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C.) § 1681n
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681n
    snapshot_id: 081d7fe28d04e5a1
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:8aab3c8e8014089d86092f7fd64341785925d0fe86698702f18571029ec58cd9
    paragraph_quote: (a) In general Any person who willfully fails to comply with any requirement imposed under
      this subchapter with respect to any consumer is liable to that consumer in an amount equal to the sum of—
      (1) (A) any actual damages sustained by the consumer as a result of the failure or damages of not less than
      $100 and not more than $1,000; or (B) in the case of liability of a natural person for obtaining a consumer
      report under false pretenses or knowingly without a permissible purpose, actual damages sustained by the consumer
      as a result of the failure or $1,000, whichever is greater; (2) such amount of punitive damages as the court
      may allow; and (3) in the case of any successful action to enforce any liability under this section, the costs
      of the action together with reasonable attorney’s fees as determined by the court.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 15 U.S.C. §1681n subsection (a) from Cornell LII snapshot 081d7fe28d04e5a1;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681n-b
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681n-b
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681n(b)
  description: 'Civil liability for willful noncompliance — (b): (b) Civil liability for knowing noncompliance Any
    person who obtains a consumer report from a consumer reporting agency under false pretenses or knowingly without
    a permissible purpose shall be liable to the consumer reporting agency for actual damages sustained by the consumer
    reporting agency or $…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C.) § 1681n
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681n
    snapshot_id: 081d7fe28d04e5a1
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:8aab3c8e8014089d86092f7fd64341785925d0fe86698702f18571029ec58cd9
    paragraph_quote: (b) Civil liability for knowing noncompliance Any person who obtains a consumer report from
      a consumer reporting agency under false pretenses or knowingly without a permissible purpose shall be liable
      to the consumer reporting agency for actual damages sustained by the consumer reporting agency or $1,000,
      whichever is greater.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 15 U.S.C. §1681n subsection (b) from Cornell LII snapshot 081d7fe28d04e5a1;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681n-c
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681n-c
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681n(c)
  description: 'Civil liability for willful noncompliance — (c): (c) Attorney’s fees Upon a finding by the court
    that an unsuccessful pleading, motion, or other paper filed in connection with an action under this section
    was filed in bad faith or for purposes of harassment, the court shall award to the prevailing party attorney’s
    fees reasonable in relation to th…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C.) § 1681n
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681n
    snapshot_id: 081d7fe28d04e5a1
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:8aab3c8e8014089d86092f7fd64341785925d0fe86698702f18571029ec58cd9
    paragraph_quote: (c) Attorney’s fees Upon a finding by the court that an unsuccessful pleading, motion, or other
      paper filed in connection with an action under this section was filed in bad faith or for purposes of harassment,
      the court shall award to the prevailing party attorney’s fees reasonable in relation to the work expended
      in responding to the pleading, motion, or other paper.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 15 U.S.C. §1681n subsection (c) from Cornell LII snapshot 081d7fe28d04e5a1;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681n-d
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681n-d
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681n(d)
  description: 'Civil liability for willful noncompliance — (d): (d) Clarification of willful noncompliance For
    the purposes of this section, any person who printed an expiration date on any receipt provided to a consumer
    cardholder at a point of sale or transaction between December 4, 2004 , and June 3, 2008 , but otherwise complied
    with the requirements of sect…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: FCRA (Fair Credit Reporting Act, 15 U.S.C.) § 1681n
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681n
    snapshot_id: 081d7fe28d04e5a1
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:8aab3c8e8014089d86092f7fd64341785925d0fe86698702f18571029ec58cd9
    paragraph_quote: (d) Clarification of willful noncompliance For the purposes of this section, any person who
      printed an expiration date on any receipt provided to a consumer cardholder at a point of sale or transaction
      between December 4, 2004 , and June 3, 2008 , but otherwise complied with the requirements of section 1681c(g)
      of this title for such receipt shall not be in willful noncompliance with section 1681c(g) of this title by
      reason of printing such expiration date on the receipt. ( Pub. L. 90–321, title VI, § 616 , as added Pub.
      L. 91–508, title VI, § 601 , Oct. 26, 1970 , 84 Stat. 1134 ; amended Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title II, §
      2412(a) –(c), (e)(1), Sept. 30, 1996 , 110 Stat. 3009–446 ; Pub. L. 110–241, § 3(a) , June 3, 2008 , 122 Stat.
      1566 .)
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 15 U.S.C. §1681n subsection (d) from Cornell LII snapshot 081d7fe28d04e5a1;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
