source:
  type: regulation
  id: fcra-15usc-1681b
  authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681b — Permissible purposes of consumer reports
  description: 'FCRA statutory permissible-purposes section. Lists the

    circumstances under which a consumer reporting agency may furnish

    a consumer report and under which a user may obtain one. Drives

    [LENDER]''s permissible-purpose certification at credit pull and

    the limits on prescreening, employment, and child-support uses.

    '
obligations:
- id: fcra-15usc-1681b-a
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681b-a
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(a)
  description: '(a): (a) In general Subject to subsection (c), any consumer reporting agency may furnish
    a consumer report under the following circumstances and no other: (1) In response to the order of
    a court having jurisdiction to issue such an order, a subpoena issued in connection with proceedings
    before a Federal …'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681b
    snapshot_id: f70070ec61d31e2c
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:43Z'
    content_hash: sha256:8264fb9411b8681945d84734e48c6f24b551c615994a1b0411bdc76abfb66ec6
    paragraph_quote: '(a) In general Subject to subsection (c), any consumer reporting agency may furnish
      a consumer report under the following circumstances and no other: (1) In response to the order of
      a court having jurisdiction to issue such an order, a subpoena issued in connection with proceedings
      before a Federal grand jury, or a subpoena issued in accordance with section 5318 of title 31 or
      section 3486 of title 18 . (2) In accordance with the written instructions of the consumer to whom
      it relates. (3) To a person which it has reason to believe— (A) intends to use the information in
      connection with a credit transaction involving the consumer on whom the information is to be furnished
      and involving the extension of credit to, or review or collection of an account of, the consumer
      ; or (B) intends to use the information for employment purposes ; or (C) intends to use the information
      in connection with the underwriting of insurance involving the consumer ; or (D) intends to use
      the information in connection with a determination of the consumer ’s eligibility for a license
      or other benefit granted by a governmental instrumentality required by law to consider an applicant’s
      financial responsibility or status; or (E) intends to use the information, as a potential investor
      or servicer, or current insurer, in connection with a valuation of, or an assessment of the credit
      or prepayment risks associated with, an existing credit obligation; or (F) otherwise has a legitimate
      business need for the information—'
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681b from Cornell LII snapshot f70070ec61d31e2c;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(i)
  description: '(i): (i) in connection with a business transaction that is initiated by the consumer ;
    or (ii) to review an account to determine whether the consumer continues to meet the terms of the
    account. (G) executive departments and agencies in connection with the issuance of government-sponsored
    individually-bil…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681b
    snapshot_id: f70070ec61d31e2c
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:43Z'
    content_hash: sha256:8264fb9411b8681945d84734e48c6f24b551c615994a1b0411bdc76abfb66ec6
    paragraph_quote: (i) in connection with a business transaction that is initiated by the consumer ;
      or (ii) to review an account to determine whether the consumer continues to meet the terms of the
      account. (G) executive departments and agencies in connection with the issuance of government-sponsored
      individually-billed travel charge cards. (4) In response to a request by the head of a State or
      local child support enforcement agency (or a State or local government official authorized by the
      head of such an agency), if the person making the request certifies to the consumer reporting agency
      that— (A) the consumer report is needed for the purpose of establishing an individual’s capacity
      to make child support payments, determining the appropriate level of such payments, or enforcing
      a child support order, award, agreement, or judgment; (B) the parentage of the consumer for the
      child to which the obligation relates has been established or acknowledged by the consumer in accordance
      with State laws under which the obligation arises (if required by those laws); and (C) the consumer
      report will be kept confidential, will be used solely for a purpose described in subparagraph (A),
      and will not be used in connection with any other civil, administrative, or criminal proceeding,
      or for any other purpose. (5) To an agency administering a State plan under section 654 of title
      42 for use to set an initial or modified child support award. (6) To the Federal Deposit Insurance
      Corporation or the National Credit Union Administration as part of its preparation for its appointment
      or as part of its exercise of powers, as conservator, receiver, or liquidating agent for an insured
      depository institution or insured credit union under the Federal Deposit Insurance Act [ 12 U.S.C.
      1811 et seq.] or the Federal Credit Union Act [ 12 U.S.C. 1751 et seq.], or other applicable Federal
      or State law, or in connection with the resolution or liquidation of a failed or failing insured
      depository institution or insured credit union, as applicable.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681b from Cornell LII snapshot f70070ec61d31e2c;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681b-b
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681b-b
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(b)
  description: '(b): (b) Conditions for furnishing and using consumer reports for employment purposes
    (1) Certification from user A consumer reporting agency may furnish a consumer report for employment
    purposes only if— (A) the person who obtains such report from the agency certifies to the agency that—'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681b
    snapshot_id: f70070ec61d31e2c
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:43Z'
    content_hash: sha256:8264fb9411b8681945d84734e48c6f24b551c615994a1b0411bdc76abfb66ec6
    paragraph_quote: (b) Conditions for furnishing and using consumer reports for employment purposes
      (1) Certification from user A consumer reporting agency may furnish a consumer report for employment
      purposes only if— (A) the person who obtains such report from the agency certifies to the agency
      that—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681b from Cornell LII snapshot f70070ec61d31e2c;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(i)
  description: '(i): (i) the person has complied with paragraph (2) with respect to the consumer report
    , and the person will comply with paragraph (3) with respect to the consumer report if paragraph (3)
    becomes applicable; and (ii) information from the consumer report will not be used in violation of
    any applicable Fe…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681b
    snapshot_id: f70070ec61d31e2c
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:43Z'
    content_hash: sha256:8264fb9411b8681945d84734e48c6f24b551c615994a1b0411bdc76abfb66ec6
    paragraph_quote: (i) the person has complied with paragraph (2) with respect to the consumer report
      , and the person will comply with paragraph (3) with respect to the consumer report if paragraph
      (3) becomes applicable; and (ii) information from the consumer report will not be used in violation
      of any applicable Federal or State equal employment opportunity law or regulation; and (B) the consumer
      reporting agency provides with the report, or has previously provided, a summary of the consumer’
      s rights under this subchapter, as prescribed by the Bureau under section 1681g(c)(3) [1] of this
      title. (2) Disclosure to consumer (A) In general Except as provided in subparagraph (B), a person
      may not procure a consumer report , or cause a consumer report to be procured, for employment purposes
      with respect to any consumer, unless—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681b from Cornell LII snapshot f70070ec61d31e2c;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(i)
  description: '(i): (i) a clear and conspicuous disclosure has been made in writing to the consumer at
    any time before the report is procured or caused to be procured, in a document that consists solely
    of the disclosure, that a consumer report may be obtained for employment purposes ; and (ii) the consumer
    has authori…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681b
    snapshot_id: f70070ec61d31e2c
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:43Z'
    content_hash: sha256:8264fb9411b8681945d84734e48c6f24b551c615994a1b0411bdc76abfb66ec6
    paragraph_quote: (i) a clear and conspicuous disclosure has been made in writing to the consumer at
      any time before the report is procured or caused to be procured, in a document that consists solely
      of the disclosure, that a consumer report may be obtained for employment purposes ; and (ii) the
      consumer has authorized in writing (which authorization may be made on the document referred to
      in clause (i)) the procurement of the report by that person. (B) Application by mail, telephone,
      computer, or other similar means If a consumer described in subparagraph (C) applies for employment
      by mail, telephone, computer, or other similar means, at any time before a consumer report is procured
      or caused to be procured in connection with that application—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681b from Cornell LII snapshot f70070ec61d31e2c;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(i)
  description: '(i): (i) the person who procures the consumer report on the consumer for employment purposes
    shall provide to the consumer, by oral, written, or electronic means, notice that a consumer report
    may be obtained for employment purposes , and a summary of the consumer’ s rights under section 1681m(a)(3)
    1 of…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681b
    snapshot_id: f70070ec61d31e2c
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:43Z'
    content_hash: sha256:8264fb9411b8681945d84734e48c6f24b551c615994a1b0411bdc76abfb66ec6
    paragraph_quote: (i) the person who procures the consumer report on the consumer for employment purposes
      shall provide to the consumer, by oral, written, or electronic means, notice that a consumer report
      may be obtained for employment purposes , and a summary of the consumer’ s rights under section
      1681m(a)(3) 1 of this title; and (ii) the consumer shall have consented, orally, in writing, or
      electronically to the procurement of the report by that person. (C) Scope Subparagraph (B) shall
      apply to a person procuring a consumer report on a consumer in connection with the consumer’ s application
      for employment only if—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681b from Cornell LII snapshot f70070ec61d31e2c;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(i)
  description: '(i): (i) the consumer is applying for a position over which the Secretary of Transportation
    has the power to establish qualifications and maximum hours of service pursuant to the provisions
    of section 31502 of title 49 , or a position subject to safety regulation by a State transportation
    agency; and (ii…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681b
    snapshot_id: f70070ec61d31e2c
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:43Z'
    content_hash: sha256:8264fb9411b8681945d84734e48c6f24b551c615994a1b0411bdc76abfb66ec6
    paragraph_quote: (i) the consumer is applying for a position over which the Secretary of Transportation
      has the power to establish qualifications and maximum hours of service pursuant to the provisions
      of section 31502 of title 49 , or a position subject to safety regulation by a State transportation
      agency; and (ii) as of the time at which the person procures the report or causes the report to
      be procured the only interaction between the consumer and the person in connection with that employment
      application has been by mail, telephone, computer, or other similar means. (3) Conditions on use
      for adverse actions (A) In general Except as provided in subparagraph (B), in using a consumer report
      for employment purposes , before taking any adverse action based in whole or in part on the report,
      the person intending to take such adverse action shall provide to the consumer to whom the report
      relates—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681b from Cornell LII snapshot f70070ec61d31e2c;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(i)
  description: '(i): (i) a copy of the report; and (ii) a description in writing of the rights of the
    consumer under this subchapter, as prescribed by the Bureau under section 1681g(c)(3) 1 of this title.
    (B) Application by mail, telephone, computer, or other similar means'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681b
    snapshot_id: f70070ec61d31e2c
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:43Z'
    content_hash: sha256:8264fb9411b8681945d84734e48c6f24b551c615994a1b0411bdc76abfb66ec6
    paragraph_quote: (i) a copy of the report; and (ii) a description in writing of the rights of the
      consumer under this subchapter, as prescribed by the Bureau under section 1681g(c)(3) 1 of this
      title. (B) Application by mail, telephone, computer, or other similar means
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681b from Cornell LII snapshot f70070ec61d31e2c;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(i)
  description: '(i): (i) If a consumer described in subparagraph (C) applies for employment by mail, telephone,
    computer, or other similar means, and if a person who has procured a consumer report on the consumer
    for employment purposes takes adverse action on the employment application based in whole or in part
    on the …'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681b
    snapshot_id: f70070ec61d31e2c
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:43Z'
    content_hash: sha256:8264fb9411b8681945d84734e48c6f24b551c615994a1b0411bdc76abfb66ec6
    paragraph_quote: (i) If a consumer described in subparagraph (C) applies for employment by mail, telephone,
      computer, or other similar means, and if a person who has procured a consumer report on the consumer
      for employment purposes takes adverse action on the employment application based in whole or in
      part on the report, then the person must provide to the consumer to whom the report relates, in
      lieu of the notices required under subparagraph (A) of this section and under section 1681m(a) of
      this title , within 3 business days of taking such action, an oral, written or electronic notification—
      (I) that adverse action has been taken based in whole or in part on a consumer report received from
      a consumer reporting agency ; (II) of the name, address and telephone number of the consumer reporting
      agency that furnished the consumer report (including a toll-free telephone number established by
      the agency if the agency compiles and maintains files on consumers on a nationwide basis); (III)
      that the consumer reporting agency did not make the decision to take the adverse action and is unable
      to provide to the consumer the specific reasons why the adverse action was taken; and (IV) that
      the consumer may, upon providing proper identification , request a free copy of a report and may
      dispute with the consumer reporting agency the accuracy or completeness of any information in a
      report. (ii) If, under clause (B)(i)(IV), the consumer requests a copy of a consumer report from
      the person who procured the report, then, within 3 business days of receiving the consumer’ s request,
      together with proper identification , the person must send or provide to the consumer a copy of
      a report and a copy of the consumer’ s rights as prescribed by the Bureau under section 1681g(c)(3)
      1 of this title. (C) Scope Subparagraph (B) shall apply to a person procuring a consumer report
      on a consumer in connection with the consumer’ s application for employment only if—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681b from Cornell LII snapshot f70070ec61d31e2c;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(i)
  description: '(i): (i) the consumer is applying for a position over which the Secretary of Transportation
    has the power to establish qualifications and maximum hours of service pursuant to the provisions
    of section 31502 of title 49 , or a position subject to safety regulation by a State transportation
    agency; and (ii…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681b
    snapshot_id: f70070ec61d31e2c
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:43Z'
    content_hash: sha256:8264fb9411b8681945d84734e48c6f24b551c615994a1b0411bdc76abfb66ec6
    paragraph_quote: (i) the consumer is applying for a position over which the Secretary of Transportation
      has the power to establish qualifications and maximum hours of service pursuant to the provisions
      of section 31502 of title 49 , or a position subject to safety regulation by a State transportation
      agency; and (ii) as of the time at which the person procures the report or causes the report to
      be procured the only interaction between the consumer and the person in connection with that employment
      application has been by mail, telephone, computer, or other similar means. (4) Exception for national
      security investigations (A) In general In the case of an agency or department of the United States
      Government which seeks to obtain and use a consumer report for employment purposes , paragraph (3)
      shall not apply to any adverse action by such agency or department which is based in part on such
      consumer report, if the head of such agency or department makes a written finding that—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681b from Cornell LII snapshot f70070ec61d31e2c;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(i)
  description: '(i): (i) the consumer report is relevant to a national security investigation of such
    agency or department; (ii) the investigation is within the jurisdiction of such agency or department;
    (iii) there is reason to believe that compliance with paragraph (3) will— (I) endanger the life or
    physical safety of…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681b
    snapshot_id: f70070ec61d31e2c
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:43Z'
    content_hash: sha256:8264fb9411b8681945d84734e48c6f24b551c615994a1b0411bdc76abfb66ec6
    paragraph_quote: (i) the consumer report is relevant to a national security investigation of such
      agency or department; (ii) the investigation is within the jurisdiction of such agency or department;
      (iii) there is reason to believe that compliance with paragraph (3) will— (I) endanger the life
      or physical safety of any person ; (II) result in flight from prosecution; (III) result in the destruction
      of, or tampering with, evidence relevant to the investigation; (IV) result in the intimidation of
      a potential witness relevant to the investigation; (V) result in the compromise of classified information
      ; or (VI) otherwise seriously jeopardize or unduly delay the investigation or another official proceeding.
      (B) Notification of consumer upon conclusion of investigation Upon the conclusion of a national
      security investigation described in subparagraph (A), or upon the determination that the exception
      under subparagraph (A) is no longer required for the reasons set forth in such subparagraph, the
      official exercising the authority in such subparagraph shall provide to the consumer who is the
      subject of the consumer report with regard to which such finding was made—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681b from Cornell LII snapshot f70070ec61d31e2c;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(i)
  description: '(i): (i) a copy of such consumer report with any classified information redacted as necessary;
    (ii) notice of any adverse action which is based, in part, on the consumer report ; and (iii) the
    identification with reasonable specificity of the nature of the investigation for which the consumer
    report was …'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681b
    snapshot_id: f70070ec61d31e2c
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:43Z'
    content_hash: sha256:8264fb9411b8681945d84734e48c6f24b551c615994a1b0411bdc76abfb66ec6
    paragraph_quote: '(i) a copy of such consumer report with any classified information redacted as necessary;
      (ii) notice of any adverse action which is based, in part, on the consumer report ; and (iii) the
      identification with reasonable specificity of the nature of the investigation for which the consumer
      report was sought. (C) Delegation by head of agency or department For purposes of subparagraphs
      (A) and (B), the head of any agency or department of the United States Government may delegate his
      or her authorities under this paragraph to an official of such agency or department who has personnel
      security responsibilities and is a member of the Senior Executive Service or equivalent civilian
      or military rank. (D) Definitions For purposes of this paragraph, the following definitions shall
      apply:'
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681b from Cornell LII snapshot f70070ec61d31e2c;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(i)
  description: '(i): (i) Classified information The term “ classified information ” means information
    that is protected from unauthorized disclosure under Executive Order No. 12958 or successor orders.
    (ii) National security investigation The term “ national security investigation ” means any official
    inquiry by an agen…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681b
    snapshot_id: f70070ec61d31e2c
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:43Z'
    content_hash: sha256:8264fb9411b8681945d84734e48c6f24b551c615994a1b0411bdc76abfb66ec6
    paragraph_quote: (i) Classified information The term “ classified information ” means information
      that is protected from unauthorized disclosure under Executive Order No. 12958 or successor orders.
      (ii) National security investigation The term “ national security investigation ” means any official
      inquiry by an agency or department of the United States Government to determine the eligibility
      of a consumer to receive access or continued access to classified information or to determine whether
      classified information has been lost or compromised.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681b from Cornell LII snapshot f70070ec61d31e2c;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681b-c
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681b-c
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(c)
  description: '(c): (c) Furnishing reports in connection with credit or insurance transactions that are
    not initiated by consumer (1) In general A consumer reporting agency may furnish a consumer report
    relating to any consumer pursuant to subparagraph (A) or (C) of subsection (a)(3) in connection with
    any credit or in…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681b
    snapshot_id: f70070ec61d31e2c
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:43Z'
    content_hash: sha256:8264fb9411b8681945d84734e48c6f24b551c615994a1b0411bdc76abfb66ec6
    paragraph_quote: (c) Furnishing reports in connection with credit or insurance transactions that are
      not initiated by consumer (1) In general A consumer reporting agency may furnish a consumer report
      relating to any consumer pursuant to subparagraph (A) or (C) of subsection (a)(3) in connection
      with any credit or insurance transaction that is not initiated by the consumer only if— (A) the
      consumer authorizes the agency to provide such report to such person; or (B)
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681b from Cornell LII snapshot f70070ec61d31e2c;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(i)
  description: '(i): (i) the transaction consists of a firm offer of credit or insurance ; (ii) the consumer
    reporting agency has complied with subsection (e); (iii) there is not in effect an election by the
    consumer , made in accordance with subsection (e), to have the consumer ’s name and address excluded
    from lists o…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681b
    snapshot_id: f70070ec61d31e2c
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:43Z'
    content_hash: sha256:8264fb9411b8681945d84734e48c6f24b551c615994a1b0411bdc76abfb66ec6
    paragraph_quote: (i) the transaction consists of a firm offer of credit or insurance ; (ii) the consumer
      reporting agency has complied with subsection (e); (iii) there is not in effect an election by the
      consumer , made in accordance with subsection (e), to have the consumer ’s name and address excluded
      from lists of names provided by the agency pursuant to this paragraph; and (iv) the consumer report
      does not contain a date of birth that shows that the consumer has not attained the age of 21, or,
      if the date of birth on the consumer report shows that the consumer has not attained the age of
      21, such consumer consents to the consumer reporting agency to such furnishing. (2) Limits on information
      received under paragraph (1)(B) A person may receive pursuant to paragraph (1)(B) only— (A) the
      name and address of a consumer ; (B) an identifier that is not unique to the consumer and that is
      used by the person solely for the purpose of verifying the identity of the consumer ; and (C) other
      information pertaining to a consumer that does not identify the relationship or experience of the
      consumer with respect to a particular creditor or other entity. (3) Information regarding inquiries
      Except as provided in section 1681g(a)(5) of this title , a consumer reporting agency shall not
      furnish to any person a record of inquiries in connection with a credit or insurance transaction
      that is not initiated by a consumer.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681b from Cornell LII snapshot f70070ec61d31e2c;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681b-e
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681b-e
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(e)
  description: '(e): (e) Election of consumer to be excluded from lists (1) In general A consumer may
    elect to have the consumer ’s name and address excluded from any list provided by a consumer reporting
    agency under subsection (c)(1)(B) in connection with a credit or insurance transaction that is not
    initiated by the …'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681b
    snapshot_id: f70070ec61d31e2c
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:43Z'
    content_hash: sha256:8264fb9411b8681945d84734e48c6f24b551c615994a1b0411bdc76abfb66ec6
    paragraph_quote: (e) Election of consumer to be excluded from lists (1) In general A consumer may
      elect to have the consumer ’s name and address excluded from any list provided by a consumer reporting
      agency under subsection (c)(1)(B) in connection with a credit or insurance transaction that is not
      initiated by the consumer, by notifying the agency in accordance with paragraph (2) that the consumer
      does not consent to any use of a consumer report relating to the consumer in connection with any
      credit or insurance transaction that is not initiated by the consumer. (2) Manner of notification
      A consumer shall notify a consumer reporting agency under paragraph (1)— (A) through the notification
      system maintained by the agency under paragraph (5); or (B) by submitting to the agency a signed
      notice of election form issued by the agency for purposes of this subparagraph. (3) Response of
      agency after notification through system Upon receipt of notification of the election of a consumer
      under paragraph (1) through the notification system maintained by the agency under paragraph (5),
      a consumer reporting agency shall— (A) inform the consumer that the election is effective only for
      the 5-year period following the election if the consumer does not submit to the agency a signed
      notice of election form issued by the agency for purposes of paragraph (2)(B); and (B) provide to
      the consumer a notice of election form, if requested by the consumer , not later than 5 business
      days after receipt of the notification of the election through the system established under paragraph
      (5), in the case of a request made at the time the consumer provides notification through the system.
      (4) Effectiveness of election An election of a consumer under paragraph (1)— (A) shall be effective
      with respect to a consumer reporting agency beginning 5 business days after the date on which the
      consumer notifies the agency in accordance with paragraph (2); (B) shall be effective with respect
      to a consumer reporting agency —
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681b from Cornell LII snapshot f70070ec61d31e2c;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(i)
  description: '(i): (i) subject to subparagraph (C), during the 5-year period beginning 5 business days
    after the date on which the consumer notifies the agency of the election, in the case of an election
    for which a consumer notifies the agency only in accordance with paragraph (2)(A); or (ii) until the
    consumer notif…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681b
    snapshot_id: f70070ec61d31e2c
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:43Z'
    content_hash: sha256:8264fb9411b8681945d84734e48c6f24b551c615994a1b0411bdc76abfb66ec6
    paragraph_quote: (i) subject to subparagraph (C), during the 5-year period beginning 5 business days
      after the date on which the consumer notifies the agency of the election, in the case of an election
      for which a consumer notifies the agency only in accordance with paragraph (2)(A); or (ii) until
      the consumer notifies the agency under subparagraph (C), in the case of an election for which a
      consumer notifies the agency in accordance with paragraph (2)(B); (C) shall not be effective after
      the date on which the consumer notifies the agency, through the notification system established
      by the agency under paragraph (5), that the election is no longer effective; and (D) shall be effective
      with respect to each affiliate of the agency. (5) Notification system (A) In general Each consumer
      reporting agency that, under subsection (c)(1)(B), furnishes a consumer report in connection with
      a credit or insurance transaction that is not initiated by a consumer, shall—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681b from Cornell LII snapshot f70070ec61d31e2c;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(i)
  description: '(i): (i) establish and maintain a notification system, including a toll-free telephone
    number, which permits any consumer whose consumer report is maintained by the agency to notify the
    agency, with appropriate identification, of the consumer’ s election to have the consumer’ s name
    and address excluded …'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681b
    snapshot_id: f70070ec61d31e2c
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:43Z'
    content_hash: sha256:8264fb9411b8681945d84734e48c6f24b551c615994a1b0411bdc76abfb66ec6
    paragraph_quote: (i) establish and maintain a notification system, including a toll-free telephone
      number, which permits any consumer whose consumer report is maintained by the agency to notify the
      agency, with appropriate identification, of the consumer’ s election to have the consumer’ s name
      and address excluded from any such list of names and addresses provided by the agency for such a
      transaction; and (ii) publish by not later than 365 days after September 30, 1996 , and not less
      than annually thereafter, in a publication of general circulation in the area served by the agency—
      (I) a notification that information in consumer files maintained by the agency may be used in connection
      with such transactions; and (II) the address and toll-free telephone number for consumers to use
      to notify the agency of the consumer ’s election under clause (i). (B) Establishment and maintenance
      as compliance Establishment and maintenance of a notification system (including a toll-free telephone
      number) and publication by a consumer reporting agency on the agency’s own behalf and on behalf
      of any of its affiliates in accordance with this paragraph is deemed to be compliance with this
      paragraph by each of those affiliates. (6) Notification system by agencies that operate nationwide
      Each consumer reporting agency that compiles and maintains files on consumers on a nationwide basis
      shall establish and maintain a notification system for purposes of paragraph (5) jointly with other
      such consumer reporting agencies.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681b from Cornell LII snapshot f70070ec61d31e2c;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681b-f
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681b-f
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(f)
  description: '(f): (f) Certain use or obtaining of information prohibited A person shall not use or
    obtain a consumer report for any purpose unless— (1) the consumer report is obtained for a purpose
    for which the consumer report is authorized to be furnished under this section; and (2) the purpose
    is certified in acco…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681b
    snapshot_id: f70070ec61d31e2c
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:43Z'
    content_hash: sha256:8264fb9411b8681945d84734e48c6f24b551c615994a1b0411bdc76abfb66ec6
    paragraph_quote: (f) Certain use or obtaining of information prohibited A person shall not use or
      obtain a consumer report for any purpose unless— (1) the consumer report is obtained for a purpose
      for which the consumer report is authorized to be furnished under this section; and (2) the purpose
      is certified in accordance with section 1681e of this title by a prospective user of the report
      through a general or specific certification.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681b from Cornell LII snapshot f70070ec61d31e2c;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681b-g
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681b-g
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(g)
  description: '(g): (g) Protection of medical information (1) Limitation on consumer reporting agencies
    A consumer reporting agency shall not furnish for employment purposes, or in connection with a credit
    or insurance transaction, a consumer report that contains medical information (other than medical
    contact informat…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681b
    snapshot_id: f70070ec61d31e2c
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:43Z'
    content_hash: sha256:8264fb9411b8681945d84734e48c6f24b551c615994a1b0411bdc76abfb66ec6
    paragraph_quote: (g) Protection of medical information (1) Limitation on consumer reporting agencies
      A consumer reporting agency shall not furnish for employment purposes, or in connection with a credit
      or insurance transaction, a consumer report that contains medical information (other than medical
      contact information treated in the manner required under section 1681c(a)(6) of this title ) about
      a consumer, unless— (A) if furnished in connection with an insurance transaction, the consumer affirmatively
      consents to the furnishing of the report; (B) if furnished for employment purposes or in connection
      with a credit transaction—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681b from Cornell LII snapshot f70070ec61d31e2c;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(i)
  description: '(i): (i) the information to be furnished is relevant to process or effect the employment
    or credit transaction; and (ii) the consumer provides specific written consent for the furnishing
    of the report that describes in clear and conspicuous language the use for which the information will
    be furnished; or…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681b
    snapshot_id: f70070ec61d31e2c
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:43Z'
    content_hash: sha256:8264fb9411b8681945d84734e48c6f24b551c615994a1b0411bdc76abfb66ec6
    paragraph_quote: '(i) the information to be furnished is relevant to process or effect the employment
      or credit transaction; and (ii) the consumer provides specific written consent for the furnishing
      of the report that describes in clear and conspicuous language the use for which the information
      will be furnished; or (C) the information to be furnished pertains solely to transactions, accounts
      , or balances relating to debts arising from the receipt of medical services, products, or devises,
      where such information, other than account status or amounts, is restricted or reported using codes
      that do not identify, or do not provide information sufficient to infer, the specific provider or
      the nature of such services, products, or devices, as provided in section 1681c(a)(6) of this title
      . (2) Limitation on creditors Except as permitted pursuant to paragraph (3)(C) or regulations prescribed
      under paragraph (5)(A), a creditor shall not obtain or use medical information (other than medical
      information treated in the manner required under section 1681c(a)(6) of this title ) pertaining
      to a consumer in connection with any determination of the consumer’ s eligibility, or continued
      eligibility, for credit. (3) Actions authorized by Federal law, insurance activities and regulatory
      determinations Section 1681a(d)(3) of this title shall not be construed so as to treat information
      or any communication of information as a consumer report if the information or communication is
      disclosed— (A) in connection with the business of insurance or annuities, including the activities
      described in section 18B of the model Privacy of Consumer Financial and Health Information Regulation
      issued by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (as in effect on January 1, 2003 );
      (B) for any purpose permitted without authorization under the Standards for Individually Identifiable
      Health Information promulgated by the Department of Health and Human Services pursuant to the Health
      Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 , or referred to under section 1179 of such
      Act, 1 or described in section 6802(e) of this title ; or (C) as otherwise determined to be necessary
      and appropriate, by regulation or order, by the Bureau or the applicable State insurance authority
      (with respect to any person engaged in providing insurance or annuities). (4) Limitation on redisclosure
      of medical information Any person that receives medical information pursuant to paragraph (1) or
      (3) shall not disclose such information to any other person , except as necessary to carry out the
      purpose for which the information was initially disclosed, or as otherwise permitted by statute,
      regulation, or order. (5) Regulations and effective date for paragraph (2) (A) [2] Regulations required
      The Bureau may, after notice and opportunity for comment, prescribe regulations that permit transactions
      under paragraph (2) that are determined to be necessary and appropriate to protect legitimate operational,
      transactional, risk, consumer , and other needs (and which shall include permitting actions necessary
      for administrative verification purposes), consistent with the intent of paragraph (2) to restrict
      the use of medical information for inappropriate purposes. (6) Coordination with other laws No provision
      of this subsection shall be construed as altering, affecting, or superseding the applicability of
      any other provision of Federal law relating to medical confidentiality. ( Pub. L. 90–321, title
      VI, § 604 , as added Pub. L. 91–508, title VI, § 601 , Oct. 26, 1970 , 84 Stat. 1129 ; amended Pub.
      L. 101–73, title IX, § 964(c) , Aug. 9, 1989 , 103 Stat. 506 ; Pub. L. 104–193, title III, § 352
      , Aug. 22, 1996 , 110 Stat. 2240 ; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title II , §§ 2403, 2404(a), (b), 2405,
      Sept. 30, 1996 , 110 Stat. 3009–430 , 3009–431, 3009–433, 3009–434; Pub. L. 105–107, title III,
      § 311(a) , Nov. 20, 1997 , 111 Stat. 2255 ; Pub. L. 105–347 , §§ 2, 3, 6(4), Nov. 2, 1998 , 112
      Stat. 3208 , 3210, 3211; Pub. L. 107–306, title VIII, § 811(b)(8)(A) , Nov. 27, 2002 , 116 Stat.
      2426 ; Pub. L. 108–159, title II, § 213(c) , title IV, §§ 411(a), 412(f), title VIII, § 811(b),
      Dec. 4, 2003 , 117 Stat. 1979 , 1999, 2003, 2011; Pub. L. 108–177, title III, § 361(j) , Dec. 13,
      2003 , 117 Stat. 2625 ; Pub. L. 109–351, title VII, § 719 , Oct. 13, 2006 , 120 Stat. 1998 ; Pub.
      L. 110–161, div. D, title VII, § 743 , Dec. 26, 2007 , 121 Stat. 2033 ; Pub. L. 111–24, title III,
      § 302 , May 22, 2009 , 123 Stat. 1748 ; Pub. L. 111–203, title X, § 1088(a)(2)(A) , (4), July 21,
      2010 , 124 Stat. 2087 ; Pub. L. 114–94, div. G, title LXXX, § 80001 , Dec. 4, 2015 , 129 Stat. 1792
      ; Pub. L. 116–283, div. F, title LXIII, § 6308(b) , Jan. 1, 2021 , 134 Stat. 4594 ; Pub. L. 119–36,
      § 2(a) , Sept. 5, 2025 , 139 Stat. 493 .) [1] See References in Text note below. [2] So in original.
      No subpar. (B) has been enacted. Amendment of Subsection (c) Pub. L. 119–36 , §§ 2(a), 3, Sept.
      5, 2025 , 139 Stat. 493 , 494, provided that, effective on the date that is 180 days after Sept.
      5, 2025 , subsection (c) of this section is amended by adding at the end the following: (4) Treatment
      of prescreening report requests (A) Definitions In this paragraph:'
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681b from Cornell LII snapshot f70070ec61d31e2c;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(i)
  description: '(i): (i) Credit union The term “ credit union” means a Federal credit union or a State
    credit union, as those terms are defined, respectively, in section 101 of the Federal Credit Union
    Act ( 12 U.S.C. 1752 ). (ii) Insured depository institution The term “insured depository institution”
    has the meaning g…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681b
    snapshot_id: f70070ec61d31e2c
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:43Z'
    content_hash: sha256:8264fb9411b8681945d84734e48c6f24b551c615994a1b0411bdc76abfb66ec6
    paragraph_quote: (i) Credit union The term “ credit union” means a Federal credit union or a State
      credit union, as those terms are defined, respectively, in section 101 of the Federal Credit Union
      Act ( 12 U.S.C. 1752 ). (ii) Insured depository institution The term “insured depository institution”
      has the meaning given the term in section 3 of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act ( 12 U.S.C. 1813(c)
      ). (iii) Residential mortgage loan The term “residential mortgage loan” has the meaning given the
      term in section 5102 of title 12 . (iv) Servicer The term “servicer” has the meaning given the term
      in section 2605(i) of title 12 . (B) Limitation If a person requests a consumer report from a consumer
      reporting agency in connection with a credit transaction involving a residential mortgage loan,
      that agency may not, based in whole or in part on that request, furnish a consumer report to another
      person under this subsection unless—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681b from Cornell LII snapshot f70070ec61d31e2c;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681b-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(i)
  description: '(i): (i) the transaction consists of a firm offer of credit or insurance ; and (ii) that
    other person — (I) has submitted documentation to that agency certifying that such other person has,
    pursuant to paragraph (1)(A), the authorization of the consumer to whom the consumer report relates;
    or (II)(aa) ha…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681b(a)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681b
    snapshot_id: f70070ec61d31e2c
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:43Z'
    content_hash: sha256:8264fb9411b8681945d84734e48c6f24b551c615994a1b0411bdc76abfb66ec6
    paragraph_quote: (i) the transaction consists of a firm offer of credit or insurance ; and (ii) that
      other person — (I) has submitted documentation to that agency certifying that such other person
      has, pursuant to paragraph (1)(A), the authorization of the consumer to whom the consumer report
      relates; or (II)(aa) has originated a current residential mortgage loan of the consumer to whom
      the consumer report relates; (bb) is the servicer of a current residential mortgage loan of the
      consumer to whom the consumer report relates; or (cc)(AA) is an insured depository institution or
      credit union; and (BB) holds a current account for the consumer to whom the consumer report relates.
      See 2025 Amendment note below.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681b from Cornell LII snapshot f70070ec61d31e2c;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
