source:
  type: regulation
  id: fcra-15usc-1681a
  authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a — Definitions; rules of construction
  description: 'FCRA''s master definitions section. Defines "consumer report,"

    "consumer reporting agency," "adverse action," "nationwide

    specialty consumer reporting agency," "reseller," and related

    terms that drive applicability for every other FCRA section.

    '
obligations:
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-a
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-a
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(a)
  description: '(a): (a) Definitions and rules of construction set forth in this section are applicable
    for the purposes of this subchapter.'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (a) Definitions and rules of construction set forth in this section are applicable
      for the purposes of this subchapter.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-b
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-b
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(b)
  description: '(b): (b) The term “ person ” means any individual, partnership, corporation, trust, estate,
    cooperative, association, government or governmental subdivision or agency, or other entity.'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (b) The term “ person ” means any individual, partnership, corporation, trust, estate,
      cooperative, association, government or governmental subdivision or agency, or other entity.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-c
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-c
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(c)
  description: '(c): (c) The term “ consumer ” means an individual.'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (c) The term “ consumer ” means an individual.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-d
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-d
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)
  description: '(d): (d) Consumer Report.— (1) In general.— The term “ consumer report ” means any written,
    oral, or other communication of any information by a consumer reporting agency bearing on a consumer’
    s credit worthiness, credit standing, credit capacity, character, general reputation, personal characteristics,…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (d) Consumer Report.— (1) In general.— The term “ consumer report ” means any written,
      oral, or other communication of any information by a consumer reporting agency bearing on a consumer’
      s credit worthiness, credit standing, credit capacity, character, general reputation, personal characteristics,
      or mode of living which is used or expected to be used or collected in whole or in part for the
      purpose of serving as a factor in establishing the consumer’ s eligibility for— (A) credit or insurance
      to be used primarily for personal, family, or household purposes; (B) employment purposes ; or (C)
      any other purpose authorized under section 1681b of this title . (2) Exclusions.— Except as provided
      in paragraph (3), the term “ consumer report ” does not include— (A) subject to section 1681s–3
      of this title , any—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(i)
  description: '(i): (i) report containing information solely as to transactions or experiences between
    the consumer and the person making the report; (ii) communication of that information among persons
    related by common ownership or affiliated by corporate control; or (iii) communication of other information
    among per…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (i) report containing information solely as to transactions or experiences between
      the consumer and the person making the report; (ii) communication of that information among persons
      related by common ownership or affiliated by corporate control; or (iii) communication of other
      information among persons related by common ownership or affiliated by corporate control, if it
      is clearly and conspicuously disclosed to the consumer that the information may be communicated
      among such persons and the consumer is given the opportunity, before the time that the information
      is initially communicated, to direct that such information not be communicated among such persons;
      (B) any authorization or approval of a specific extension of credit directly or indirectly by the
      issuer of a credit card or similar device; (C) any report in which a person who has been requested
      by a third party to make a specific extension of credit directly or indirectly to a consumer conveys
      his or her decision with respect to such request, if the third party advises the consumer of the
      name and address of the person to whom the request was made, and such person makes the disclosures
      to the consumer required under section 1681m of this title ; or (D) a communication described in
      subsection (o) or (x). [1] (3) Restriction on sharing of medical information.— Except for information
      or any communication of information disclosed as provided in section 1681b(g)(3) of this title ,
      the exclusions in paragraph (2) shall not apply with respect to information disclosed to any person
      related by common ownership or affiliated by corporate control, if the information is— (A) medical
      information; (B) an individualized list or description based on the payment transactions of the
      consumer for medical products or services; or (C) an aggregate list of identified consumers based
      on payment transactions for medical products or services.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-e
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-e
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(e)
  description: '(e): (e) The term “ investigative consumer report ” means a consumer report or portion
    thereof in which information on a consumer’ s character, general reputation, personal characteristics,
    or mode of living is obtained through personal interviews with neighbors, friends, or associates of
    the consumer re…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (e) The term “ investigative consumer report ” means a consumer report or portion
      thereof in which information on a consumer’ s character, general reputation, personal characteristics,
      or mode of living is obtained through personal interviews with neighbors, friends, or associates
      of the consumer reported on or with others with whom he is acquainted or who may have knowledge
      concerning any such items of information. However, such information shall not include specific factual
      information on a consumer’ s credit record obtained directly from a creditor of the consumer or
      from a consumer reporting agency when such information was obtained directly from a creditor of
      the consumer or from the consumer.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-f
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-f
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(f)
  description: '(f): (f) The term “ consumer reporting agency ” means any person which, for monetary fees,
    dues, or on a cooperative nonprofit basis, regularly engages in whole or in part in the practice of
    assembling or evaluating consumer credit information or other information on consumers for the purpose
    of furnishi…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (f) The term “ consumer reporting agency ” means any person which, for monetary fees,
      dues, or on a cooperative nonprofit basis, regularly engages in whole or in part in the practice
      of assembling or evaluating consumer credit information or other information on consumers for the
      purpose of furnishing consumer reports to third parties, and which uses any means or facility of
      interstate commerce for the purpose of preparing or furnishing consumer reports.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-g
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-g
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(g)
  description: '(g): (g) The term “ file ”, when used in connection with information on any consumer ,
    means all of the information on that consumer recorded and retained by a consumer reporting agency
    regardless of how the information is stored.'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (g) The term “ file ”, when used in connection with information on any consumer ,
      means all of the information on that consumer recorded and retained by a consumer reporting agency
      regardless of how the information is stored.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-h
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-h
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(h)
  description: '(h): (h) The term “ employment purposes ” when used in connection with a consumer report
    means a report used for the purpose of evaluating a consumer for employment, promotion, reassignment
    or retention as an employee.'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (h) The term “ employment purposes ” when used in connection with a consumer report
      means a report used for the purpose of evaluating a consumer for employment, promotion, reassignment
      or retention as an employee.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(i)
  description: '(i): (i) Medical Information.— The term “medical information”— (1) means information or
    data, whether oral or recorded, in any form or medium, created by or derived from a health care provider
    or the consumer , that relates to— (A) the past, present, or future physical, mental, or behavioral
    health or co…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (i) Medical Information.— The term “medical information”— (1) means information or
      data, whether oral or recorded, in any form or medium, created by or derived from a health care
      provider or the consumer , that relates to— (A) the past, present, or future physical, mental, or
      behavioral health or condition of an individual; (B) the provision of health care to an individual;
      or (C) the payment for the provision of health care to an individual. [2] (2) does not include the
      age or gender of a consumer , demographic information about the consumer , including a consumer
      ’s residence address or e-mail address, or any other information about a consumer that does not
      relate to the physical, mental, or behavioral health or condition of a consumer , including the
      existence or value of any insurance policy.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-j
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-j
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(j)
  description: '(j): (j) Definitions Relating to Child Support Obligations.— (1) Overdue support.— The
    term “ overdue support ” has the meaning given to such term in section 666(e) of title 42 . (2) State
    or local child support enforcement agency.— The term “ State or local child support enforcement agency
    ” means a Sta…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (j) Definitions Relating to Child Support Obligations.— (1) Overdue support.— The
      term “ overdue support ” has the meaning given to such term in section 666(e) of title 42 . (2)
      State or local child support enforcement agency.— The term “ State or local child support enforcement
      agency ” means a State or local agency which administers a State or local program for establishing
      and enforcing child support obligations.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-k
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-k
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(k)
  description: '(k): (k) Adverse Action.— (1) Actions included.— The term “ adverse action ”— (A) has
    the same meaning as in section 1691(d)(6) of this title ; and (B) means—'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (k) Adverse Action.— (1) Actions included.— The term “ adverse action ”— (A) has
      the same meaning as in section 1691(d)(6) of this title ; and (B) means—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(i)
  description: '(i): (i) a denial or cancellation of, an increase in any charge for, or a reduction or
    other adverse or unfavorable change in the terms of coverage or amount of, any insurance, existing
    or applied for, in connection with the underwriting of insurance; (ii) a denial of employment or any
    other decision for…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (i) a denial or cancellation of, an increase in any charge for, or a reduction or
      other adverse or unfavorable change in the terms of coverage or amount of, any insurance, existing
      or applied for, in connection with the underwriting of insurance; (ii) a denial of employment or
      any other decision for employment purposes that adversely affects any current or prospective employee;
      (iii) a denial or cancellation of, an increase in any charge for, or any other adverse or unfavorable
      change in the terms of, any license or benefit described in section 1681b(a)(3)(D) of this title
      ; and (iv) an action taken or determination that is— (I) made in connection with an application
      that was made by, or a transaction that was initiated by, any consumer , or in connection with a
      review of an account under section 1681b(a)(3)(F)(ii) of this title ; and (II) adverse to the interests
      of the consumer . (2) Applicable findings, decisions, commentary, and orders.— For purposes of any
      determination of whether an action is an adverse action under paragraph (1)(A), all appropriate
      final findings, decisions, commentary, and orders issued under section 1691(d)(6) of this title
      by the Bureau or any court shall apply.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-l
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-l
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(l)
  description: '(l): (l) Firm Offer of Credit or Insurance.— The term “ firm offer of credit or insurance
    ” means any offer of credit or insurance to a consumer that will be honored if the consumer is determined,
    based on information in a consumer report on the consumer, to meet the specific criteria used to select
    the …'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: '(l) Firm Offer of Credit or Insurance.— The term “ firm offer of credit or insurance
      ” means any offer of credit or insurance to a consumer that will be honored if the consumer is determined,
      based on information in a consumer report on the consumer, to meet the specific criteria used to
      select the consumer for the offer, except that the offer may be further conditioned on one or more
      of the following: (1) The consumer being determined, based on information in the consumer ’s application
      for the credit or insurance, to meet specific criteria bearing on credit worthiness or insurability,
      as applicable, that are established— (A) before selection of the consumer for the offer; and (B)
      for the purpose of determining whether to extend credit or insurance pursuant to the offer. (2)
      Verification— (A) that the consumer continues to meet the specific criteria used to select the consumer
      for the offer, by using information in a consumer report on the consumer, information in the consumer’
      s application for the credit or insurance, or other information bearing on the credit worthiness
      or insurability of the consumer; or (B) of the information in the consumer ’s application for the
      credit or insurance, to determine that the consumer meets the specific criteria bearing on credit
      worthiness or insurability. (3) The consumer furnishing any collateral that is a requirement for
      the extension of the credit or insurance that was— (A) established before selection of the consumer
      for the offer of credit or insurance; and (B) disclosed to the consumer in the offer of credit or
      insurance.'
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-m
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-m
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(m)
  description: '(m): (m) Credit or Insurance Transaction That Is Not Initiated by the Consumer.— The term
    “ credit or insurance transaction that is not initiated by the consumer ” does not include the use
    of a consumer report by a person with which the consumer has an account or insurance policy, for purposes
    of— (1) re…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (m) Credit or Insurance Transaction That Is Not Initiated by the Consumer.— The term
      “ credit or insurance transaction that is not initiated by the consumer ” does not include the use
      of a consumer report by a person with which the consumer has an account or insurance policy, for
      purposes of— (1) reviewing the account or insurance policy; or (2) collecting the account .
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-n
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-n
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(n)
  description: '(n): (n) State.— The term “ State ” means any State , the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
    , the District of Columbia, and any territory or possession of the United States.'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (n) State.— The term “ State ” means any State , the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico
      , the District of Columbia, and any territory or possession of the United States.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-o
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-o
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(o)
  description: '(o): (o) Excluded Communications.— A communication is described in this subsection if
    it is a communication— (1) that, but for subsection (d)(2)(D), would be an investigative consumer
    report ; (2) that is made to a prospective employer for the purpose of— (A) procuring an employee
    for the employer; or (B…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (o) Excluded Communications.— A communication is described in this subsection if
      it is a communication— (1) that, but for subsection (d)(2)(D), would be an investigative consumer
      report ; (2) that is made to a prospective employer for the purpose of— (A) procuring an employee
      for the employer; or (B) procuring an opportunity for a natural person to work for the employer;
      (3) that is made by a person who regularly performs such procurement; (4) that is not used by any
      person for any purpose other than a purpose described in subparagraph (A) or (B) of paragraph (2);
      and (5) with respect to which— (A) the consumer who is the subject of the communication—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(i)
  description: '(i): (i) consents orally or in writing to the nature and scope of the communication, before
    the collection of any information for the purpose of making the communication; (ii) consents orally
    or in writing to the making of the communication to a prospective employer, before the making of the
    communicatio…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (i) consents orally or in writing to the nature and scope of the communication, before
      the collection of any information for the purpose of making the communication; (ii) consents orally
      or in writing to the making of the communication to a prospective employer, before the making of
      the communication; and (iii) in the case of consent under clause (i) or (ii) given orally, is provided
      written confirmation of that consent by the person making the communication, not later than 3 business
      days after the receipt of the consent by that person ; (B) the person who makes the communication
      does not, for the purpose of making the communication, make any inquiry that if made by a prospective
      employer of the consumer who is the subject of the communication would violate any applicable Federal
      or State equal employment opportunity law or regulation; and (C) the person who makes the communication—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(i)
  description: '(i): (i) discloses in writing to the consumer who is the subject of the communication,
    not later than 5 business days after receiving any request from the consumer for such disclosure,
    the nature and substance of all information in the consumer ’s file at the time of the request, except
    that the sources …'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (i) discloses in writing to the consumer who is the subject of the communication,
      not later than 5 business days after receiving any request from the consumer for such disclosure,
      the nature and substance of all information in the consumer ’s file at the time of the request,
      except that the sources of any information that is acquired solely for use in making the communication
      and is actually used for no other purpose, need not be disclosed other than under appropriate discovery
      procedures in any court of competent jurisdiction in which an action is brought; and (ii) notifies
      the consumer who is the subject of the communication, in writing, of the consumer ’s right to request
      the information described in clause (i).
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-p
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-p
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(p)
  description: '(p): (p) Consumer Reporting Agency That Compiles and Maintains Files on Consumers on a
    Nationwide Basis.— The term “ consumer reporting agency that compiles and maintains files on consumers
    on a nationwide basis ” means a consumer reporting agency that regularly engages in the practice of
    assembling or e…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: '(p) Consumer Reporting Agency That Compiles and Maintains Files on Consumers on
      a Nationwide Basis.— The term “ consumer reporting agency that compiles and maintains files on consumers
      on a nationwide basis ” means a consumer reporting agency that regularly engages in the practice
      of assembling or evaluating, and maintaining, for the purpose of furnishing consumer reports to
      third parties bearing on a consumer’ s credit worthiness, credit standing, or credit capacity, each
      of the following regarding consumers residing nationwide: (1) Public record information. (2) Credit
      account information from persons who furnish that information regularly and in the ordinary course
      of business.'
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-q
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-q
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(q)
  description: '(q): (q) Definitions Relating to Fraud Alerts.— (1) Active duty military consumer.— The
    term “ active duty military consumer ” means a consumer in military service who— (A) is on active
    duty (as defined in section 101(d)(1) of title 10 ) or is a reservist performing duty under a call
    or order to active d…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (q) Definitions Relating to Fraud Alerts.— (1) Active duty military consumer.— The
      term “ active duty military consumer ” means a consumer in military service who— (A) is on active
      duty (as defined in section 101(d)(1) of title 10 ) or is a reservist performing duty under a call
      or order to active duty under a provision of law referred to in section 101(a)(13) of title 10 ;
      and (B) is assigned to service away from the usual duty station of the consumer . (2) Fraud alert;
      active duty alert.— The terms “ fraud alert ” and “ active duty alert ” mean a statement in the
      file of a consumer that— (A) notifies all prospective users of a consumer report relating to the
      consumer that the consumer may be a victim of fraud, including identity theft, or is an active duty
      military consumer , as applicable; and (B) is presented in a manner that facilitates a clear and
      conspicuous view of the statement described in subparagraph (A) by any person requesting such consumer
      report . (3) Identity theft.— The term “ identity theft ” means a fraud committed using the identifying
      information of another person, subject to such further definition as the Bureau may prescribe, by
      regulation. (4) Identity theft report.— The term “ identity theft report ” has the meaning given
      that term by rule of the Bureau, and means, at a minimum, a report— (A) that alleges an identity
      theft ; (B) that is a copy of an official, valid report filed by a consumer with an appropriate
      Federal, State, or local law enforcement agency, including the United States Postal Inspection Service,
      or such other government agency deemed appropriate by the Bureau; and (C) the filing of which subjects
      the person filing the report to criminal penalties relating to the filing of false information if,
      in fact, the information in the report is false. (5) New credit plan.— The term “ new credit plan
      ” means a new account under an open end credit plan (as defined in section 1602(i) 1 of this title)
      or a new credit transaction not under an open end credit plan.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-r
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-r
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(r)
  description: '(r): (r) Credit and Debit Related Terms— (1) Card issuer.— The term “ card issuer ” means—
    (A) a credit card issuer, in the case of a credit card ; and (B) a debit card issuer , in the case
    of a debit card. (2) Credit card.— The term “ credit card ” has the same meaning as in section 1602
    of this title .…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (r) Credit and Debit Related Terms— (1) Card issuer.— The term “ card issuer ” means—
      (A) a credit card issuer, in the case of a credit card ; and (B) a debit card issuer , in the case
      of a debit card. (2) Credit card.— The term “ credit card ” has the same meaning as in section 1602
      of this title . (3) Debit card.— The term “ debit card ” means any card issued by a financial institution
      to a consumer for use in initiating an electronic fund transfer from the account of the consumer
      at such financial institution, for the purpose of transferring money between accounts or obtaining
      money, property, labor, or services. (4) Account and electronic fund transfer.— The terms “ account
      ” and “ electronic fund transfer ” have the same meanings as in section 1693a of this title . (5)
      Credit and creditor.— The terms “ credit ” and “ creditor ” have the same meanings as in section
      1691a of this title .
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-s
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-s
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(s)
  description: '(s): (s) Federal Banking Agency.— The term “ Federal banking agency ” has the same meaning
    as in section 1813 of title 12 .'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (s) Federal Banking Agency.— The term “ Federal banking agency ” has the same meaning
      as in section 1813 of title 12 .
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-t
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-t
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(t)
  description: '(t): (t) Financial Institution.— The term “ financial institution ” means a State or National
    bank, a State or Federal savings and loan association, a mutual savings bank, a State or Federal credit
    union, or any other person that, directly or indirectly, holds a transaction account (as defined in
    section…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (t) Financial Institution.— The term “ financial institution ” means a State or National
      bank, a State or Federal savings and loan association, a mutual savings bank, a State or Federal
      credit union, or any other person that, directly or indirectly, holds a transaction account (as
      defined in section 461(b) of title 12 ) belonging to a consumer.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-u
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-u
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(u)
  description: '(u): (u) Reseller.— The term “ reseller ” means a consumer reporting agency that— (1)
    assembles and merges information contained in the database of another consumer reporting agency or
    multiple consumer reporting agencies concerning any consumer for purposes of furnishing such information
    to any third pa…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (u) Reseller.— The term “ reseller ” means a consumer reporting agency that— (1)
      assembles and merges information contained in the database of another consumer reporting agency
      or multiple consumer reporting agencies concerning any consumer for purposes of furnishing such
      information to any third party, to the extent of such activities; and (2) does not maintain a database
      of the assembled or merged information from which new consumer reports are produced.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-v
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-v
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(v)
  description: '(v): (v) Commission.— The term “ Commission ” means the Bureau. [3]'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (v) Commission.— The term “ Commission ” means the Bureau. [3]
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-w
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-w
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(w)
  description: '(w): (w) The term “ Bureau ” means the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection.'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (w) The term “ Bureau ” means the Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-x
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-x
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(x)
  description: '(x): (x) Nationwide Specialty Consumer Reporting Agency.— The term “ nationwide specialty
    consumer reporting agency ” means a consumer reporting agency that compiles and maintains files on
    consumers on a nationwide basis relating to— (1) medical records or payments; (2) residential or tenant
    history; (3)…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (x) Nationwide Specialty Consumer Reporting Agency.— The term “ nationwide specialty
      consumer reporting agency ” means a consumer reporting agency that compiles and maintains files
      on consumers on a nationwide basis relating to— (1) medical records or payments; (2) residential
      or tenant history; (3) check writing history; (4) employment history; or (5) insurance claims.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-y
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-y
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(y)
  description: '(y): (y) Exclusion of Certain Communications for Employee Investigations.— (1) Communications
    described in this subsection.— A communication is described in this subsection if— (A) but for subsection
    (d)(2)(D), the communication would be a consumer report ; (B) the communication is made to an employer
    in…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (y) Exclusion of Certain Communications for Employee Investigations.— (1) Communications
      described in this subsection.— A communication is described in this subsection if— (A) but for subsection
      (d)(2)(D), the communication would be a consumer report ; (B) the communication is made to an employer
      in connection with an investigation of—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(i)
  description: '(i): (i) suspected misconduct relating to employment; or (ii) compliance with Federal,
    State , or local laws and regulations, the rules of a self-regulatory organization , or any preexisting
    written policies of the employer; (C) the communication is not made for the purpose of investigating
    a consumer ’s…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (i) suspected misconduct relating to employment; or (ii) compliance with Federal,
      State , or local laws and regulations, the rules of a self-regulatory organization , or any preexisting
      written policies of the employer; (C) the communication is not made for the purpose of investigating
      a consumer ’s credit worthiness, credit standing, or credit capacity; and (D) the communication
      is not provided to any person except—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-i
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-i
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(i)
  description: '(i): (i) to the employer or an agent of the employer; (ii) to any Federal or State officer,
    agency, or department, or any officer, agency, or department of a unit of general local government;
    (iii) to any self-regulatory organization with regulatory authority over the activities of the employer
    or employ…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (i) to the employer or an agent of the employer; (ii) to any Federal or State officer,
      agency, or department, or any officer, agency, or department of a unit of general local government;
      (iii) to any self-regulatory organization with regulatory authority over the activities of the employer
      or employee; (iv) as otherwise required by law; or
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-v
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-v
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(v)
  description: '(v): (v) pursuant to section 1681f of this title . (2) Subsequent disclosure.— After taking
    any adverse action based in whole or in part on a communication described in paragraph (1), the employer
    shall disclose to the consumer a summary containing the nature and substance of the communication
    upon which…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (v) pursuant to section 1681f of this title . (2) Subsequent disclosure.— After taking
      any adverse action based in whole or in part on a communication described in paragraph (1), the
      employer shall disclose to the consumer a summary containing the nature and substance of the communication
      upon which the adverse action is based, except that the sources of information acquired solely for
      use in preparing what would be but for subsection (d)(2)(D) an investigative consumer report need
      not be disclosed. (3) Self-regulatory organization defined.— For purposes of this subsection, the
      term “ self-regulatory organization ” includes any self-regulatory organization (as defined in section
      78c(a)(26) of this title ), any entity established under title I of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002
      [ 15 U.S.C. 7211 et seq.], any board of trade designated by the Commodity Futures Trading Commission
      , and any futures association registered with such Commission.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: fcra-15usc-1681a-z
  canonical_id: fcra-15usc-1681a-z
  section: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(z)
  description: '(z): (z) Veteran.— The term “ veteran ” has the meaning given the term in section 101
    of title 38 . (aa) Veteran’s Medical Debt.— The term “ veteran ’s medical debt”— (1) means a medical
    collection debt of a veteran owed to a non- Department of Veterans Affairs health care provider that
    was submitted to …'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: 15 U.S.C. §1681a(d)(1)
    source_class: fcra-statute
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/15/1681a
    snapshot_id: d6efc6e9a903d219
    fetched_at: '2026-05-22T18:51:39Z'
    content_hash: sha256:7da181bd3f4ae5ef11e924771622b4276e1ddf65d82af4dcbdb1aecc6c33a8bb
    paragraph_quote: (z) Veteran.— The term “ veteran ” has the meaning given the term in section 101
      of title 38 . (aa) Veteran’s Medical Debt.— The term “ veteran ’s medical debt”— (1) means a medical
      collection debt of a veteran owed to a non- Department of Veterans Affairs health care provider
      that was submitted to the Department for payment for health care authorized by the Department of
      Veterans Affairs ; and (2) includes medical collection debt that the Department of Veterans Affairs
      has wrongfully charged a veteran. ( Pub. L. 90–321, title VI, § 603 , as added Pub. L. 91–508, title
      VI, § 601 , Oct. 26, 1970 , 84 Stat. 1128 ; amended Pub. L. 102–537, § 2(b) , Oct. 27, 1992 , 106
      Stat. 3531 ; Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title II, § 2402 , Sept. 30, 1996 , 110 Stat. 3009–426 ; Pub.
      L. 105–347, § 6(1) –(3), Nov. 2, 1998 , 112 Stat. 3211 ; Pub. L. 108–159, title I, § 111 , title
      II, § 214(c)(1), title IV, § 411(b), (c), title VI, § 611, Dec. 4, 2003 , 117 Stat. 1954 , 1983,
      2001, 2010; Pub. L. 111–203, title X, § 1088(a)(1) , (2)(A), (C), (3), July 21, 2010 , 124 Stat.
      2086 , 2087; Pub. L. 115–174, title III, § 302(b)(1) , May 24, 2018 , 132 Stat. 1333 .) [1] See
      References in Text note below. [2] So in original. The period probably should be “; and”. [3] So
      in original.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim subsection of 15 U.S.C. §1681a from Cornell LII snapshot d6efc6e9a903d219;
      body isolated between nav and notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
