source:
  type: regulation
  id: flood-42usc-4014
  authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4014 — Estimates of premium rates
  description: 'National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.), §4014 Estimates of premium rates. Captured section-complete
    from Cornell LII (verbatim).

    '
obligations:
- id: flood-42usc-4014-a
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4014-a
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4014(a)
  description: 'Estimates of premium rates — (a): (a) Studies and investigations The Administrator is authorized
    to undertake and carry out such studies and investigations and receive or exchange such information as may be
    necessary to estimate, and shall from time to time estimate, on an area, subdivision, or other appropriate basis—
    (1) the risk …'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4014
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4014
    snapshot_id: 96332e7ec27ae308
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:eca794870f988d59fdba2c7b8bde2a38365b82ccfc551862e6d54e59ecc441ff
    paragraph_quote: (a) Studies and investigations The Administrator is authorized to undertake and carry out such
      studies and investigations and receive or exchange such information as may be necessary to estimate, and shall
      from time to time estimate, on an area, subdivision, or other appropriate basis— (1) the risk premium rates
      for flood insurance which— (A) based on consideration of—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4014 subsection (a) from Cornell LII snapshot 96332e7ec27ae308;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4014-i
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4014-i
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4014(i)
  description: 'Estimates of premium rates — (i): (i) the risk involved and accepted actuarial principles; and (ii)
    the flood mitigation activities that an owner or lessee has undertaken on a property, including differences
    in the risk involved due to land use measures, floodproofing, flood forecasting, and similar measures, and (B)
    including—'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4014
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4014
    snapshot_id: 96332e7ec27ae308
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:eca794870f988d59fdba2c7b8bde2a38365b82ccfc551862e6d54e59ecc441ff
    paragraph_quote: (i) the risk involved and accepted actuarial principles; and (ii) the flood mitigation activities
      that an owner or lessee has undertaken on a property, including differences in the risk involved due to land
      use measures, floodproofing, flood forecasting, and similar measures, and (B) including—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4014 subsection (i) from Cornell LII snapshot 96332e7ec27ae308;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4014-i
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4014-i
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4014(i)
  description: 'Estimates of premium rates — (i): (i) the applicable operating costs and allowances set forth in
    the schedules prescribed under section 4018 of this title and reflected in such rates, (ii) any administrative
    expenses (or portion of such expenses) of carrying out the flood insurance program which, in his discretion,
    should properly b…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4014
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4014
    snapshot_id: 96332e7ec27ae308
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:eca794870f988d59fdba2c7b8bde2a38365b82ccfc551862e6d54e59ecc441ff
    paragraph_quote: (i) the applicable operating costs and allowances set forth in the schedules prescribed under
      section 4018 of this title and reflected in such rates, (ii) any administrative expenses (or portion of such
      expenses) of carrying out the flood insurance program which, in his discretion, should properly be reflected
      in such rates, (iii) any remaining administrative expenses incurred in carrying out the flood insurance and
      floodplain management programs (including the costs of mapping activities under section 4101 of this title
      ) not included under clause (ii), which shall be recovered by a fee charged to policyholders and such fee
      shall not be subject to any agents’ commissions, company expense allowances, or State or local premium taxes,
      and (iv) all costs, as prescribed by principles and standards of practice in ratemaking adopted by the American
      Academy of Actuaries and the Casualty Actuarial Society, including— (I) an estimate of the expected value
      of future costs, (II) all costs associated with the transfer of risk, and (III) the costs associated with
      an individual risk transfer with respect to risk classes, as defined by the Administrator , would be required
      in order to make such insurance available on an actuarial basis for any types and classes of properties for
      which insurance coverage is available under section 4012(a) of this title (or is recommended to the Congress
      under section 4012(b) of this title ); (2) the rates, if less than the rates estimated under paragraph (1),
      which would be reasonable, would encourage prospective insureds to purchase flood insurance, and would be
      consistent with the purposes of this chapter, and which, together with a fee charged to policyholders that
      shall not be not subject to any agents’ commission, company expenses allowances, or State or local premium
      taxes, shall include any administrative expenses incurred in carrying out the flood insurance and floodplain
      management programs (including the costs of mapping activities under section 4101 of this title ), except
      that the Administrator shall not estimate rates under this paragraph for— (A) any residential property which
      is not the primary residence of an individual; (B) any severe repetitive loss property ; (C) any property
      that has incurred flood -related damage in which the cumulative amounts of payments under this chapter equaled
      or exceeded the fair market value of such property; (D) any business property; or (E) any property which on
      or after July 6, 2012 , has experienced or sustained—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4014 subsection (i) from Cornell LII snapshot 96332e7ec27ae308;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4014-i
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4014-i
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4014(i)
  description: 'Estimates of premium rates — (i): (i) substantial damage exceeding 50 percent of the fair market
    value of such property; or (ii) substantial improvement exceeding 50 percent of the fair market value of such
    property; and (3) the extent, if any, to which federally assisted or other flood protection measures initiated
    after August 1, …'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4014
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4014
    snapshot_id: 96332e7ec27ae308
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:eca794870f988d59fdba2c7b8bde2a38365b82ccfc551862e6d54e59ecc441ff
    paragraph_quote: (i) substantial damage exceeding 50 percent of the fair market value of such property; or (ii)
      substantial improvement exceeding 50 percent of the fair market value of such property; and (3) the extent,
      if any, to which federally assisted or other flood protection measures initiated after August 1, 1968 , affect
      such rates.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4014 subsection (i) from Cornell LII snapshot 96332e7ec27ae308;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4014-b
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4014-b
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4014(b)
  description: 'Estimates of premium rates — (b): (b) Utilization of services of other Departments and agencies
    In carrying out subsection (a), the Administrator shall, to the maximum extent feasible and on a reimbursement
    basis, utilize the services of the Department of the Army , the Department of the Interior , the Department
    of Agriculture , th…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4014
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4014
    snapshot_id: 96332e7ec27ae308
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:eca794870f988d59fdba2c7b8bde2a38365b82ccfc551862e6d54e59ecc441ff
    paragraph_quote: (b) Utilization of services of other Departments and agencies In carrying out subsection (a),
      the Administrator shall, to the maximum extent feasible and on a reimbursement basis, utilize the services
      of the Department of the Army , the Department of the Interior , the Department of Agriculture , the Department
      of Commerce , and the Tennessee Valley Authority , and, as appropriate, other Federal departments or agencies,
      and for such purposes may enter into agreements or other appropriate arrangements with any persons.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4014 subsection (b) from Cornell LII snapshot 96332e7ec27ae308;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4014-c
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4014-c
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4014(c)
  description: 'Estimates of premium rates — (c): (c) Priority to studies and investigations in States or areas
    evidencing positive interest in securing insurance under program The Administrator shall give priority to conducting
    studies and investigations and making estimates under this section in those States or areas (or subdivisions
    thereof) whi…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4014
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4014
    snapshot_id: 96332e7ec27ae308
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:eca794870f988d59fdba2c7b8bde2a38365b82ccfc551862e6d54e59ecc441ff
    paragraph_quote: (c) Priority to studies and investigations in States or areas evidencing positive interest
      in securing insurance under program The Administrator shall give priority to conducting studies and investigations
      and making estimates under this section in those States or areas (or subdivisions thereof) which he has determined
      have evidenced a positive interest in securing flood insurance coverage under the flood insurance program.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4014 subsection (c) from Cornell LII snapshot 96332e7ec27ae308;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4014-d
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4014-d
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4014(d)
  description: 'Estimates of premium rates — (d): (d) Parishes of Louisiana; premium rates Notwithstanding any other
    provision of law, any structure existing on December 31, 1973 , and located within Avoyelles, Evangeline, Rapides,
    or Saint Landry Parish in the State of Louisiana, which the Secretary determines is subject to additional flood
    hazard…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4014
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4014
    snapshot_id: 96332e7ec27ae308
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:eca794870f988d59fdba2c7b8bde2a38365b82ccfc551862e6d54e59ecc441ff
    paragraph_quote: (d) Parishes of Louisiana; premium rates Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any structure
      existing on December 31, 1973 , and located within Avoyelles, Evangeline, Rapides, or Saint Landry Parish
      in the State of Louisiana, which the Secretary determines is subject to additional flood hazards as a result
      of the construction or operation of the Atchafalaya Basin Levee System, shall be eligible for flood insurance
      under this chapter (if and to the extent it is eligible for such insurance under the other provisions of this
      chapter) at premium rates that shall not exceed those which would be applicable if such additional hazards
      did not exist.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4014 subsection (d) from Cornell LII snapshot 96332e7ec27ae308;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4014-e
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4014-e
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4014(e)
  description: 'Estimates of premium rates — (e): (e) Eligibility of community making adequate progress on construction
    of flood protection system for rates not exceeding those applicable to completed flood protection system; determination
    of adequate progress Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any community that has made adequate progress…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4014
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4014
    snapshot_id: 96332e7ec27ae308
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:eca794870f988d59fdba2c7b8bde2a38365b82ccfc551862e6d54e59ecc441ff
    paragraph_quote: '(e) Eligibility of community making adequate progress on construction of flood protection
      system for rates not exceeding those applicable to completed flood protection system; determination of adequate
      progress Notwithstanding any other provision of law, any community that has made adequate progress, acceptable
      to the Administrator , on the construction or reconstruction of a flood protection system which will afford
      flood protection for the one-hundred year frequency flood as determined by the Administrator , shall be eligible
      for flood insurance under this chapter (if and to the extent it is eligible for such insurance under the other
      provisions of this chapter) at premium rates not exceeding those which would be applicable under this section
      if such flood protection system had been completed. The Administrator shall find that adequate progress on
      the construction or reconstruction of a flood protection system, based on the present value of the completed
      flood protection system, has been made only if: (1) 100 percent of the cost of the system has been authorized;
      (2) at least 60 percent of the cost of the system has been appropriated; (3) at least 50 percent of the cost
      of the system has been expended; and (4) the system is at least 50 percent completed. Notwithstanding any
      other provision of law, in determining whether a community has made adequate progress on the construction,
      reconstruction, or improvement of a flood protection system, the Administrator shall consider all sources
      of funding, including Federal, State, and local funds.'
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4014 subsection (e) from Cornell LII snapshot 96332e7ec27ae308;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4014-f
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4014-f
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4014(f)
  description: 'Estimates of premium rates — (f): (f) Availability of flood insurance in communities restoring disaccredited
    flood protection systems; criteria; rates Notwithstanding any other provision of law, this subsection shall
    apply to riverine and coastal levees that are located in a community which has been determined by the Administrator
    o…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4014
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4014
    snapshot_id: 96332e7ec27ae308
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:eca794870f988d59fdba2c7b8bde2a38365b82ccfc551862e6d54e59ecc441ff
    paragraph_quote: (f) Availability of flood insurance in communities restoring disaccredited flood protection
      systems; criteria; rates Notwithstanding any other provision of law, this subsection shall apply to riverine
      and coastal levees that are located in a community which has been determined by the Administrator of the Federal
      Emergency Management Agency to be in the process of restoring flood protection afforded by a flood protection
      system that had been previously accredited on a Flood Insurance Rate Map as providing 100-year frequency flood
      protection but no longer does so, and shall apply without regard to the level of Federal funding of or participation
      in the construction, reconstruction, or improvement of the flood protection system. Except as provided in
      this subsection, in such a community, flood insurance shall be made available to those properties impacted
      by the disaccreditation of the flood protection system at premium rates that do not exceed those which would
      be applicable to any property located in an area of special flood hazard, the construction of which was started
      prior to the effective date of the initial Flood Insurance Rate Map published by the Administrator for the
      community in which such property is located. A revised Flood Insurance Rate Map shall be prepared for the
      community to delineate as Zone AR the areas of special flood hazard that result from the disaccreditation
      of the flood protection system. A community will be considered to be in the process of restoration if— (1)
      the flood protection system has been deemed restorable by a Federal agency in consultation with the local
      project sponsor; (2) a minimum level of flood protection is still provided to the community by the disaccredited
      system; and (3) restoration of the flood protection system is scheduled to occur within a designated time
      period and in accordance with a progress plan negotiated between the community and the Federal Emergency Management
      Agency . Communities that the Administrator of the Federal Emergency Management Agency determines to meet
      the criteria set forth in paragraphs (1) and (2) as of January 1, 1992 , shall not be subject to revised Flood
      Insurance Rate Maps that contravene the intent of this subsection. Such communities shall remain eligible
      for C zone rates for properties located in zone AR for any policy written prior to promulgation of final regulations
      for this section. Floodplain management criteria for such communities shall not require the elevation of improvements
      to existing structures and shall not exceed 3 feet above existing grade for new construction, provided the
      base flood elevation based on the disaccredited flood control system does not exceed five feet above existing
      grade, or the remaining new construction in such communities is limited to infill sites, rehabilitation of
      existing structures, or redevelopment of previously developed areas. The Administrator of the Federal Emergency
      Management Agency shall develop and promulgate regulations to implement this subsection, including minimum
      floodplain management criteria, within 24 months after October 28, 1992 .
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4014 subsection (f) from Cornell LII snapshot 96332e7ec27ae308;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4014-g
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4014-g
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4014(g)
  description: 'Estimates of premium rates — (g): (g) No extension of subsidy to new policies or lapsed policies
    The Administrator shall not provide flood insurance to prospective insureds at rates less than those estimated
    under subsection (a)(1), as required by paragraph (2) of that subsection, for— (1) any policy under the flood
    insurance progra…'
  type: dont
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4014
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4014
    snapshot_id: 96332e7ec27ae308
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:eca794870f988d59fdba2c7b8bde2a38365b82ccfc551862e6d54e59ecc441ff
    paragraph_quote: (g) No extension of subsidy to new policies or lapsed policies The Administrator shall not
      provide flood insurance to prospective insureds at rates less than those estimated under subsection (a)(1),
      as required by paragraph (2) of that subsection, for— (1) any policy under the flood insurance program that
      has lapsed in coverage,, [1] unless the decision of the policy holder to permit a lapse in flood insurance
      coverage was as a result of the property covered by the policy no longer being required to retain such coverage;
      or (2) any prospective insured who refuses to accept any offer for mitigation assistance by the Administrator
      (including an offer to relocate), including an offer of mitigation assistance— (A) following a major disaster,
      as defined in section 5122 of this title ; or (B) in connection with—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4014 subsection (g) from Cornell LII snapshot 96332e7ec27ae308;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4014-i
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4014-i
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4014(i)
  description: 'Estimates of premium rates — (i): (i) a repetitive loss property; or (ii) a severe repetitive loss
    property .'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4014
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4014
    snapshot_id: 96332e7ec27ae308
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:eca794870f988d59fdba2c7b8bde2a38365b82ccfc551862e6d54e59ecc441ff
    paragraph_quote: (i) a repetitive loss property; or (ii) a severe repetitive loss property .
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4014 subsection (i) from Cornell LII snapshot 96332e7ec27ae308;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4014-h
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4014-h
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4014(h)
  description: 'Estimates of premium rates — (h): (h) Definition In this section, the term “ severe repetitive loss
    property ” has the following meaning: (1) Single-family properties In the case of a property consisting of 1
    to 4 residences, such term means a property that— (A) is covered under a contract for flood insurance made available
    under th…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4014
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4014
    snapshot_id: 96332e7ec27ae308
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:eca794870f988d59fdba2c7b8bde2a38365b82ccfc551862e6d54e59ecc441ff
    paragraph_quote: '(h) Definition In this section, the term “ severe repetitive loss property ” has the following
      meaning: (1) Single-family properties In the case of a property consisting of 1 to 4 residences, such term
      means a property that— (A) is covered under a contract for flood insurance made available under this chapter;
      and (B) has incurred flood -related damage—'
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4014 subsection (h) from Cornell LII snapshot 96332e7ec27ae308;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: flood-42usc-4014-i
  canonical_id: flood-42usc-4014-i
  section: 42 U.S.C. §4014(i)
  description: 'Estimates of premium rates — (i): (i) for which 4 or more separate claims payments have been made
    under flood insurance coverage under this subchapter, with the amount of each such claim exceeding $5,000, and
    with the cumulative amount of such claims payments exceeding $20,000; or (ii) for which at least 2 separate
    claims payments h…'
  type: do
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: National Flood Insurance Act (42 U.S.C.) § 4014
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/42/4014
    snapshot_id: 96332e7ec27ae308
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:eca794870f988d59fdba2c7b8bde2a38365b82ccfc551862e6d54e59ecc441ff
    paragraph_quote: (i) for which 4 or more separate claims payments have been made under flood insurance coverage
      under this subchapter, with the amount of each such claim exceeding $5,000, and with the cumulative amount
      of such claims payments exceeding $20,000; or (ii) for which at least 2 separate claims payments have been
      made under such coverage, with the cumulative amount of such claims exceeding the value of the property. (2)
      Multifamily properties In the case of a property consisting of 5 or more residences, such term shall have
      such meaning as the Director [2] shall by regulation provide. ( Pub. L. 90–448, title XIII, § 1307 , Aug.
      1, 1968 , 82 Stat. 576 ; Pub. L. 93–234, title I, § 109 , Dec. 31, 1973 , 87 Stat. 980 ; Pub. L. 93–383, title
      VIII, § 816(b) , Aug. 22, 1974 , 88 Stat. 739 ; Pub. L. 98–181, title I [title IV, § 451(d)(1)], Nov. 30,
      1983 , 97 Stat. 1229 ; Pub. L. 101–508, title II, § 2302(e)(1) , Nov. 5, 1990 , 104 Stat. 1388–24 ; Pub. L.
      102–550, title IX, § 928 , Oct. 28, 1992 , 106 Stat. 3886 ; Pub. L. 112–123, § 2(a) , May 31, 2012 , 126 Stat.
      365 ; Pub. L. 112–141, div. F, title II , §§ 100205(a)(1), (b), 100238(b)(1), July 6, 2012 , 126 Stat. 917
      , 918, 958; Pub. L. 113–89 , §§ 3(a)(1), 14, 15, 19, Mar. 21, 2014 , 128 Stat. 1021 , 1026, 1027.) [1] So
      in original. [2] So in original. Probably means “Administrator” .
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 42 U.S.C. §4014 subsection (i) from Cornell LII snapshot 96332e7ec27ae308;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
