source:
  type: regulation
  id: bsa-31usc-5312
  authority: Bank Secrecy Act (31 U.S.C.) § 5312 — Definitions and application
  description: 'Bank Secrecy Act (31 U.S.C.), §5312 Definitions and application. Captured section-complete from
    Cornell LII (verbatim).

    '
obligations:
- id: bsa-31usc-5312-a
  canonical_id: bsa-31usc-5312-a
  section: 31 U.S.C. §5312(a)
  description: 'Definitions and application — (a): (a) In this subchapter— (1) “ financial agency ” means a person
    acting for a person (except for a country, a monetary or financial authority acting as a monetary or financial
    authority, or an international financial institution of which the United States Government is a member) as a
    financial instit…'
  type: definition
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: Bank Secrecy Act (31 U.S.C.) § 5312
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/31/5312
    snapshot_id: 5a876c3ec04db4d6
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:c07f7fce13900124e6294842db3ab8bd3542bcfbdf94fe7d606dee3300ccf853
    paragraph_quote: (a) In this subchapter— (1) “ financial agency ” means a person acting for a person (except
      for a country, a monetary or financial authority acting as a monetary or financial authority, or an international
      financial institution of which the United States Government is a member) as a financial institution , bailee,
      depository trustee, or agent, or acting in a similar way related to money, credit, securities, gold, a transaction
      in money, credit, securities or gold, or a service provided with respect to money, securities, futures, precious
      metals, stones and jewels, or value that substitutes for currency. (2) “ financial institution ” means— (A)
      an insured bank (as defined in section 3(h) of the Federal Deposit Insurance Act ( 12 U.S.C. 1813(h) )); (B)
      a commercial bank or trust company; (C) a private banker; (D) an agency or branch of a foreign bank in the
      United States ; (E) any credit union; (F) a thrift institution; (G) a broker or dealer registered with the
      Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 ( 15 U.S.C. 78a et seq.); (H)
      a broker or dealer in securities or commodities; (I) an investment banker or investment company; (J) a currency
      exchange, or a business engaged in the exchange of currency, funds, or value that substitutes for currency
      or funds; (K) an issuer, redeemer, or cashier of travelers’ checks, checks, money orders, or similar instruments;
      (L) an operator of a credit card system; (M) an insurance company; (N) a dealer in precious metals, stones,
      or jewels; (O) a pawnbroker; (P) a loan or finance company; (Q) a travel agency; (R) a licensed sender of
      money or any other person who engages as a business in the transmission of currency, funds, or value that
      substitutes for currency, including any person who engages as a business in an informal money transfer system
      or any network of people who engage as a business in facilitating the transfer of money domestically or internationally
      outside of the conventional financial institutions system; (S) a telegraph company; (T) a business engaged
      in vehicle sales, including automobile, airplane, and boat sales; (U) persons involved in real estate closings
      and settlements; (V) the United States Postal Service ; (W) an agency of the United States Government or of
      a State or local government carrying out a duty or power of a business described in this paragraph; (X) a
      casino, gambling casino, or gaming establishment with an annual gaming revenue of more than $1,000,000 which—
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 31 U.S.C. §5312 subsection (a) from Cornell LII snapshot 5a876c3ec04db4d6;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bsa-31usc-5312-i
  canonical_id: bsa-31usc-5312-i
  section: 31 U.S.C. §5312(i)
  description: 'Definitions and application — (i): (i) is licensed as a casino, gambling casino, or gaming establishment
    under the laws of any State or any political subdivision of any State; or (ii) is an Indian gaming operation
    conducted under or pursuant to the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act other than an operation which is limited to
    class I gamin…'
  type: definition
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: Bank Secrecy Act (31 U.S.C.) § 5312
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/31/5312
    snapshot_id: 5a876c3ec04db4d6
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:c07f7fce13900124e6294842db3ab8bd3542bcfbdf94fe7d606dee3300ccf853
    paragraph_quote: (i) is licensed as a casino, gambling casino, or gaming establishment under the laws of any
      State or any political subdivision of any State; or (ii) is an Indian gaming operation conducted under or
      pursuant to the Indian Gaming Regulatory Act other than an operation which is limited to class I gaming (as
      defined in section 4(6) of such Act); (Y) any business or agency which engages in any activity which the Secretary
      of the Treasury determines, by regulation, to be an activity which is similar to, related to, or a substitute
      for any activity in which any business described in this paragraph is authorized to engage; or (Z) any other
      business designated by the Secretary whose cash transactions have a high degree of usefulness in criminal,
      tax, or regulatory matters. (3) “ monetary instruments ” means— (A) United States coins and currency; (B)
      as the Secretary may prescribe by regulation, coins and currency of a foreign country, travelers’ checks,
      bearer negotiable instruments, bearer investment securities, bearer securities, stock on which title is passed
      on delivery, and similar material; (C) as the Secretary of the Treasury shall provide by regulation for purposes
      of sections 5316 and 5331, checks, drafts, notes, money orders, and other similar instruments which are drawn
      on or by a foreign financial institution and are not in bearer form; and (D) as the Secretary shall provide
      by regulation, value that substitutes for any monetary instrument described in subparagraph (A), (B), or (C).
      (4) Nonfinancial trade or business.— The term “ nonfinancial trade or business ” means any trade or business
      other than a financial institution that is subject to the reporting requirements of section 5313 and regulations
      prescribed under such section. (5) “ person ”, in addition to its meaning under section 1 of title 1 , includes
      a trustee, a representative of an estate and, when the Secretary prescribes, a governmental entity. (6) “
      United States ” means the States of the United States , the District of Columbia, and, when the Secretary
      prescribes by regulation, the Commonwealth of Puerto Rico , the Virgin Islands, Guam, the Northern Mariana
      Islands, American Samoa, the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, a territory or possession of the United
      States, or a military or diplomatic establishment.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 31 U.S.C. §5312 subsection (i) from Cornell LII snapshot 5a876c3ec04db4d6;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bsa-31usc-5312-b
  canonical_id: bsa-31usc-5312-b
  section: 31 U.S.C. §5312(b)
  description: 'Definitions and application — (b): (b) In this subchapter— (1) “domestic financial agency ” and
    “domestic financial institution ” apply to an action in the United States of a financial agency or institution.
    (2) “foreign financial agency ” and “foreign financial institution ” apply to an action outside the United States
    of a financia…'
  type: definition
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: Bank Secrecy Act (31 U.S.C.) § 5312
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/31/5312
    snapshot_id: 5a876c3ec04db4d6
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:c07f7fce13900124e6294842db3ab8bd3542bcfbdf94fe7d606dee3300ccf853
    paragraph_quote: (b) In this subchapter— (1) “domestic financial agency ” and “domestic financial institution
      ” apply to an action in the United States of a financial agency or institution. (2) “foreign financial agency
      ” and “foreign financial institution ” apply to an action outside the United States of a financial agency
      or institution.
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 31 U.S.C. §5312 subsection (b) from Cornell LII snapshot 5a876c3ec04db4d6;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
- id: bsa-31usc-5312-c
  canonical_id: bsa-31usc-5312-c
  section: 31 U.S.C. §5312(c)
  description: 'Definitions and application — (c): (c) Additional Definitions.— For purposes of this subchapter,
    the following definitions shall apply: (1) [1] Certain institutions included in definition.— The term “ financial
    institution ” (as defined in subsection (a)) includes the following: (A) [2] Any futures commission merchant,
    commodity trad…'
  type: definition
  tags:
  - regulator-direct
  - gap-fill
  - section-complete
  - usc-statute
  primary_source:
    tier: 1
    authority: Bank Secrecy Act (31 U.S.C.) § 5312
    source_class: usc-statute-lii
    source_url: https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/31/5312
    snapshot_id: 5a876c3ec04db4d6
    fetched_at: '2026-06-18T00:00:00+00:00'
    content_hash: sha256:c07f7fce13900124e6294842db3ab8bd3542bcfbdf94fe7d606dee3300ccf853
    paragraph_quote: '(c) Additional Definitions.— For purposes of this subchapter, the following definitions shall
      apply: (1) [1] Certain institutions included in definition.— The term “ financial institution ” (as defined
      in subsection (a)) includes the following: (A) [2] Any futures commission merchant, commodity trading advisor,
      or commodity pool operator registered, or required to register, under the Commodity Exchange Act . ( Pub.
      L. 97–258 , Sept. 13, 1982 , 96 Stat. 995 ; Pub. L. 99–570, title I, § 1362 , Oct. 27, 1986 , 100 Stat. 3207–33
      ; Pub. L. 100–690, title VI, § 6185(a) , (g)(1), Nov. 18, 1988 , 102 Stat. 4354 , 4357; Pub. L. 103–325, title
      IV , §§ 405, 409, Sept. 23, 1994 , 108 Stat. 2247 , 2252; Pub. L. 107–56, title III , §§ 321(a), (b), 359(a),
      365(c)(1), (2)(A), Oct. 26, 2001 , 115 Stat. 315 , 328, 335; Pub. L. 108–458, title VI , §§ 6202(g), 6203(b),
      Dec. 17, 2004 , 118 Stat. 3746 ; Pub. L. 116–283, div. F, title LXI , §§ 6102(d)(1), 6110(a)(1), Jan. 1, 2021
      , 134 Stat. 4553 , 4561.) [1] So in original. No par. (2) has been enacted. [2] So in original. No subpar.
      (B) has been enacted. Historical and Revision Notes Revised Section Source (U.S. Code) Source (Statutes at
      Large) 5312(a)(1) 31:1052(a), (b), (g), (i). Oct. 26, 1970 , Pub. L. 91–508, § 203(a) –(i), ( l ), 84 Stat.
      1118 . 5312(a)(2) 31:1052(e). 5312(a)(3) 31:1052( l ). 5312(a)(4) 31:1052(c). 5312(a)(5) 31:1052(d). 5312(b)
      31:1052(f), (h). In subsection (a)(1), the text of 31:1052(a) is omitted as unnecessary. The text of 31:1052(b)
      is omitted because of the restatement. The text of 31:1052(i) is omitted as unnecessary because the source
      provision is restated where necessary in the revised subchapter. In subsection (a)(2), (3), (4), and (5),
      the words “the Secretary . . . prescribes” are substituted for “specified by the Secretary by regulation”,
      “as the Secretary may by regulation specify”, “specified by the Secretary”, and “the Secretary shall by regulation
      specify” for consistency. In subsection (a)(2) and (3), the words “for the purposes of the provision of this
      chapter to which the regulation relates” are omitted as surplus. In subsection (a)(2), before subclause (A),
      the words “any person which does business in any one or more of the following capacities” are omitted as surplus.
      In subclause (F), the words “savings bank, building and loan association, credit union, industrial bank, or
      other” are omitted as surplus. In subclause (T), the words “agency of the United States Government or of a
      State or local government” are substituted for “Federal, State, or local government institution” for consistency.
      In subclause (U), the words “type of” are omitted as surplus. The word “agency” is substituted for “institution”
      for consistency. In subsection (a)(3)(B)–(5), the word “prescribe” is substituted for “specify” for consistency
      in the revised title and with other titles of the United States Code. In subsection (a)(3)(B), the words “in
      addition”, and “and such types of” are omitted as surplus. The words “similar material” are substituted for
      “the equivalent thereof” for clarity. In subsection (a)(4), the words “in addition to its meaning under section
      1 of title 1 ” are substituted for “natural persons, partnerships, . . . associations, corporations, and all
      entities cognizable as legal personalities” for consistency because 1:1 is applicable to all laws unless otherwise
      provided. The words “a trustee, a representative of an estate” are substituted for “trusts, estates”, and
      the word “entity” is substituted for “department or agency”, for consistency. The words “either for the purpose
      of this chapter generally or any particular requirement thereunder” are omitted as surplus. In subsection
      (a)(5), the words “used in a geographic sense” are omitted because of the restatement. The words “either for
      the purposes of this chapter generally or any particular requirement thereunder” are omitted as surplus. The
      words “territory or” are added for consistency. Subsection (b) is substituted for 31:1052(f) and (h) to eliminate
      unnecessary words and for consistency. Amendment of Subsection (a)(2) Pub. L. 116–283, div. F, title LXI,
      § 6110(a) , Jan. 1, 2021 , 134 Stat. 4561 , provided that, effective on the effective date of the final rules
      issued by the Secretary of the Treasury pursuant to section 6110(b) of Pub. L. 116–283 (set out below), subsection
      (a)(2) of this section is amended— (1) by redesignating subparagraphs (Y) and (Z) as subparagraphs (Z) and
      (AA), respectively; and (2) by inserting after subparagraph (X) the following: “(Y) a person engaged in the
      trade of antiquities, including an advisor, consultant, or any other person who engages as a business in the
      solicitation or the sale of antiquities, subject to regulations prescribed by the Secretary;”. See 2021 Amendment
      note and Rulemaking note below.'
    drafter_attestation: Verbatim slice of 31 U.S.C. §5312 subsection (c) from Cornell LII snapshot 5a876c3ec04db4d6;
      body isolated between nav and Editorial/Statutory Notes; substring-verified.
  judgment: false
