15 U.S.C. §1681d — Disclosure of investigative consumer reports
FCRA §1681d governs the duties of a person — including [LENDER] — that PROCURES OR CAUSES TO BE PREPARED an investigative consumer report on any consumer. ("Investigative consumer report" is defined at §1681a(e) as a consumer report that includes information on character, general reputation, personal characteristics, or mode of living obtained through personal interviews with neighbors, friends, associates, etc.) The section imposes three operative duties on the procurer: (i) a written disclosure to the consumer that an investigative consumer report MAY be made, delivered within 3 days of the report request, with a statement of the consumer's right to request additional disclosures and the §1681g(c) summary of rights (subsection (a)(1)); (ii) certification to the consumer reporting agency that the procurer has made the (a)(1) disclosures and will comply with subsection (b) (subsection (a)(2)); and (iii) on written request from the consumer received within a reasonable time, a complete and accurate written disclosure of the nature and scope of the investigation, mailed/delivered not later than 5 days after the later of the request or the original report request (subsection (b)). A reasonable-procedures defense applies under subsection (c).
Verbatim regulatory text
Verbatim provisions from 15 U.S.C. §1681d — Disclosure of investigative consumer reports — each quote is a verified substring of the regulator-published source snapshot, not retyped. Quoted for reference; this is not legal advice. The operational layer (P&P updates, prompts) lives in the regulation update kits.
15 U.S.C. §1681d(a)
(a) Disclosure of fact of preparation A person may not procure or cause to be prepared an investigative consumer report on any consumer unless— (1) it is clearly and accurately disclosed to the consumer that an investigative consumer report including information as to his character, general reputation, personal characteristics, and mode of living, whichever are applicable, may be made, and such disclosure (A) is made in a writing mailed, or otherwise delivered, to the consumer, not later than three days after the date on which the report was first requested, and (B) includes a statement informing the consumer of his right to request the additional disclosures provided for under subsection (b) of this section and the written summary of the rights of the consumer prepared pursuant to section 1681g(c) of this title ; and (2) the person certifies or has certified to the consumer reporting agency that— (A) the person has made the disclosures to the consumer required by paragraph (1); and (B) the person will comply with subsection (b).
15 U.S.C. §1681d(b)
(b) Disclosure on request of nature and scope of investigation Any person who procures or causes to be prepared an investigative consumer report on any consumer shall, upon written request made by the consumer within a reasonable period of time after the receipt by him of the disclosure required by subsection (a)(1), make a complete and accurate disclosure of the nature and scope of the investigation requested. This disclosure shall be made in a writing mailed, or otherwise delivered, to the consumer not later than five days after the date on which the request for such disclosure was received from the consumer or such report was first requested, whichever is the later.
15 U.S.C. §1681d(c)
(c) Limitation on liability upon showing of reasonable procedures for compliance with provisions No person may be held liable for any violation of subsection (a) or (b) of this section if he shows by a preponderance of the evidence that at the time of the violation he maintained reasonable procedures to assure compliance with subsection (a) or (b).
15 U.S.C. §1681d(d)
(d) Prohibitions (1) Certification A consumer reporting agency shall not prepare or furnish an investigative consumer report unless the agency has received a certification under subsection (a)(2) from the person who requested the report. (2) Inquiries A consumer reporting agency shall not make an inquiry for the purpose of preparing an investigative consumer report on a consumer for employment purposes if the making of the inquiry by an employer or prospective employer of the consumer would violate any applicable Federal or State equal employment opportunity law or regulation. (3) Certain public record information Except as otherwise provided in section 1681k of this title , a consumer reporting agency shall not furnish an investigative consumer report that includes information that is a matter of public record and that relates to an arrest, indictment, conviction, civil judicial action, tax lien, or outstanding judgment, unless the agency has verified the accuracy of the information during the 30-day period ending on the date on which the report is furnished. (4) Certain adverse information A consumer reporting agency shall not prepare or furnish an investigative consumer report on a consumer that contains information that is adverse to the interest of the consumer and that is obtained through a personal interview with a neighbor, friend, or associate of the consumer or with another person with whom the consumer is acquainted or who has knowledge of such item of information, unless— (A) the agency has followed reasonable procedures to obtain confirmation of the information, from an additional source that has independent and direct knowledge of the information; or (B) the person interviewed is the best possible source of the information. ( Pub. L. 90–321, title VI, § 606 , as added Pub. L. 91–508, title VI, § 601 , Oct. 26, 1970 , 84 Stat. 1130 ; amended Pub. L. 104–208, div. A, title II , §§ 2408(d)(2), 2414, Sept. 30, 1996 , 110 Stat. 3009–438 , 3009–449.)
Operationalizing 15 U.S.C. §1681d — Disclosure of investigative consumer reports
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